Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

The Illusion of Cross-Lingual Safety in Low-Resource Languages

As of 18 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 29 of 29 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2608.11146.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2608.11146 v1

Coverage vector

measured 29 of 29 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-12T05:19:47.003348Z

measured 29 of 29 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

29 of 29 outbound references displayed

verified exact5
verified fuzzy3
unresolved21
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation fe8cbe6c-765f-4d71-81be-0bd1190e3527 · outbound

This paper cites The Language Barrier: Dissecting Safety Challenges of LLM s in Multilingual Contexts.

The Illusion of Cross-Lingual Safety in Low-Resource Languages The Language Barrier: Dissecting Safety Challenges of LLM s in Multilingual Contexts

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T05:19:46.849423Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 64e41dbc-bab4-4611-8033-abcac9dba7e5 · outbound

This paper cites All Languages Matter: On the Multilingual Safety of LLM s.

The Illusion of Cross-Lingual Safety in Low-Resource Languages All Languages Matter: On the Multilingual Safety of LLM s

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T05:19:46.856674Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b151ab68-6184-45ba-a755-3a60421678bd · outbound

This paper cites The State of Multilingual LLM Safety Research: From Measuring The Language Gap To Mitigating It.

The Illusion of Cross-Lingual Safety in Low-Resource Languages The State of Multilingual LLM Safety Research: From Measuring The Language Gap To Mitigating It

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T05:19:46.862911Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9e413e9e-7283-42e5-bf97-82d442151d2d · outbound

This paper cites The Thirty-eighth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems , year=.

The Illusion of Cross-Lingual Safety in Low-Resource Languages The Thirty-eighth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems , year=

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T05:19:46.867870Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 80524a33-4bc9-4c8c-baa0-c3e512a777dd · outbound

This paper cites The Thirty-ninth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems , year=.

The Illusion of Cross-Lingual Safety in Low-Resource Languages The Thirty-ninth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems , year=

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T05:19:46.874444Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c3df23b9-3c4c-4ccb-b988-419504673312 · outbound

This paper cites Second Conference on Language Modeling , year=.

The Illusion of Cross-Lingual Safety in Low-Resource Languages Second Conference on Language Modeling , year=

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T05:19:46.879573Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1bcc2a81-2e6a-402c-9b1b-ce782284650f · outbound

This paper cites C ulture G uard: Towards Culturally-Aware Dataset and Guard Model for Multilingual Safety Applications.

The Illusion of Cross-Lingual Safety in Low-Resource Languages C ulture G uard: Towards Culturally-Aware Dataset and Guard Model for Multilingual Safety Applications

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T05:19:46.887746Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 58e72351-79c8-4c0b-8369-dbfb76171649 · outbound

This paper cites U nity AI Guard: Pioneering Toxicity Detection Across Low-Resource I ndian Languages.

The Illusion of Cross-Lingual Safety in Low-Resource Languages U nity AI Guard: Pioneering Toxicity Detection Across Low-Resource I ndian Languages

Reference 8

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-12T05:19:47.140701Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation d6af9e62-3224-4f36-8979-6aac2587364a · outbound

This paper cites AEGIS 2.0: A Diverse AI Safety Dataset and Risks Taxonomy for Alignment of LLM Guardrails.

The Illusion of Cross-Lingual Safety in Low-Resource Languages AEGIS 2.0: A Diverse AI Safety Dataset and Risks Taxonomy for Alignment of LLM Guardrails

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T05:19:46.898797Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 253105a3-cc05-4efd-aa3c-bd741567c8ec · outbound

This paper cites 2025 , eprint=.

The Illusion of Cross-Lingual Safety in Low-Resource Languages 2025 , eprint=

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T05:19:46.903491Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ec68429a-25fe-4f9d-a2e7-f97c4765de3b · outbound

This paper cites The Eleventh International Conference on Learning Representations , year=.

The Illusion of Cross-Lingual Safety in Low-Resource Languages The Eleventh International Conference on Learning Representations , year=

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T05:19:46.907248Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0bc9da48-9cd0-45fb-90ca-78f58f30f517 · outbound

This paper cites 2025 , eprint=.

The Illusion of Cross-Lingual Safety in Low-Resource Languages 2025 , eprint=

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T05:19:46.913755Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6d75e0d5-455c-49f6-8972-bbd6d33ecacd · outbound

This paper cites from Benign import Toxic: Jailbreaking the Language Model via Adversarial Metaphors.

The Illusion of Cross-Lingual Safety in Low-Resource Languages from Benign import Toxic: Jailbreaking the Language Model via Adversarial Metaphors

Reference 13

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-12T05:19:47.116016Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 9d8a5611-da93-4716-8cae-b1ebe100bb5e · outbound

This paper cites 2026 , eprint=.

The Illusion of Cross-Lingual Safety in Low-Resource Languages 2026 , eprint=

Reference 14

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T05:19:47.534778Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation c65f817c-ef37-446d-91fa-d954c2247d63 · outbound

This paper cites Crosslingual Generalization through Multitask Finetuning.

The Illusion of Cross-Lingual Safety in Low-Resource Languages Crosslingual Generalization through Multitask Finetuning

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T05:19:46.928086Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ae77b1cc-7347-4cdf-af4b-eccfdbd39249 · outbound

This paper cites Unsupervised Cross-lingual Representation Learning at Scale.

The Illusion of Cross-Lingual Safety in Low-Resource Languages Unsupervised Cross-lingual Representation Learning at Scale

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T05:19:46.933409Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4c534ad5-1731-4e3f-9e52-378a1c73ab77 · outbound

This paper cites The Eleventh International Conference on Learning Representations , year=.

The Illusion of Cross-Lingual Safety in Low-Resource Languages The Eleventh International Conference on Learning Representations , year=

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T05:19:46.939033Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4ecc577f-1087-4d7d-9404-a1b1c3fb3569 · outbound

This paper cites Proceedings of the 62nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers).

The Illusion of Cross-Lingual Safety in Low-Resource Languages Proceedings of the 62nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T05:19:46.943410Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a6bf6608-7f62-4a1e-8b9a-3e9cb007202d · outbound

This paper cites Do-Not-Answer: Evaluating Safeguards in LLM s.

The Illusion of Cross-Lingual Safety in Low-Resource Languages Do-Not-Answer: Evaluating Safeguards in LLM s

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T05:19:46.953700Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f7c22896-89e1-490e-ac03-b3505ae13c2e · outbound

This paper cites RLHF Can Speak Many Languages: Unlocking Multilingual Preference Optimization for LLM s.

The Illusion of Cross-Lingual Safety in Low-Resource Languages RLHF Can Speak Many Languages: Unlocking Multilingual Preference Optimization for LLM s

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T05:19:46.958675Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 390c8bdb-d538-46ea-8f70-bea9ae4d70fe · outbound

This paper cites Cross-lingual Transfer of Reward Models in Multilingual Alignment.

The Illusion of Cross-Lingual Safety in Low-Resource Languages Cross-lingual Transfer of Reward Models in Multilingual Alignment

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T05:19:46.965835Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8d6f0b84-dab6-47f8-b701-62837bdf66b8 · outbound

This paper cites Amplify Initiative: Building A Localized Data Platform for Globalized AI.

The Illusion of Cross-Lingual Safety in Low-Resource Languages Amplify Initiative: Building A Localized Data Platform for Globalized AI

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T05:19:46.970856Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 02637ec8-1e68-45a0-9c7b-c5617a9ec962 · outbound

This paper cites Proceedings of the 2026 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency , pages =.

The Illusion of Cross-Lingual Safety in Low-Resource Languages Proceedings of the 2026 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency , pages =

Reference 23

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T05:19:47.507726Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation dbc55fba-457e-427b-8bc7-c146eee2ed1b · outbound

This paper cites U buntu G uard: A Culturally-Grounded Policy Benchmark for Equitable AI Safety in A frican Languages.

The Illusion of Cross-Lingual Safety in Low-Resource Languages U buntu G uard: A Culturally-Grounded Policy Benchmark for Equitable AI Safety in A frican Languages

Reference 24

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-12T05:19:47.055975Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 8c38a818-bb53-4415-81b6-5ed2b09ec84a · outbound

This paper cites 2026 , eprint=.

The Illusion of Cross-Lingual Safety in Low-Resource Languages 2026 , eprint=

Reference 25

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T05:19:47.494016Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation dcc83bab-74fd-4ba6-8095-05c23f7f3f75 · outbound

This paper cites Multilingual Refusal Alignment for Safer Large Language Models.

The Illusion of Cross-Lingual Safety in Low-Resource Languages Multilingual Refusal Alignment for Safer Large Language Models

Reference 26

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-12T05:19:47.040495Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 7bc4c854-79d7-4166-9a4f-7eff193bdda5 · outbound

This paper cites Large language models hallucination: A comprehensive survey , journal =.

The Illusion of Cross-Lingual Safety in Low-Resource Languages Large language models hallucination: A comprehensive survey , journal =

Reference 27

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id_nonexistent, observed 2026-08-12T05:19:47.452017Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation a847310f-3819-44af-a29c-cc076566f575 · outbound

This paper cites 2025 , eprint=.

The Illusion of Cross-Lingual Safety in Low-Resource Languages 2025 , eprint=

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T05:19:46.998246Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 16516590-b90c-4b54-9e5a-c356d2de68f7 · outbound

This paper cites 2025 , url=.

The Illusion of Cross-Lingual Safety in Low-Resource Languages 2025 , url=

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T05:19:47.003348Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.