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Toto: Time Series Optimized Transformer for Observability

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arxiv 2407.07874 v2 pith:LVFPUWFL submitted 2024-07-10 cs.LG cs.AI

classification cs.LGcs.AI
keywords seriestimetotodatafoundationobservabilityforecastingmodel
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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This technical report describes the Time Series Optimized Transformer for Observability (Toto), a new state of the art foundation model for time series forecasting developed by Datadog. In addition to advancing the state of the art on generalized time series benchmarks in domains such as electricity and weather, this model is the first general-purpose time series forecasting foundation model to be specifically tuned for observability metrics. Toto was trained on a dataset of one trillion time series data points, the largest among all currently published time series foundation models. Alongside publicly available time series datasets, 75% of the data used to train Toto consists of fully anonymous numerical metric data points from the Datadog platform. In our experiments, Toto outperforms existing time series foundation models on observability data. It does this while also excelling at general-purpose forecasting tasks, achieving state-of-the-art zero-shot performance on multiple open benchmark datasets.

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Cited by 4 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Byte Pair Encoding for Efficient Time Series Forecasting

    cs.LG 2025-05 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    A byte-pair-encoding tokenizer that converts repeated temporal motifs into single tokens improves zero-shot forecasting accuracy and speed over sample-wise and patch-based methods.

  2. OpenMHC: Accelerating the Science of Wearable Foundation Models

    cs.LG 2026-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    OpenMHC contributes the largest open-access consumer wearable dataset to date (67M hours, 11,894 participants), a standardized three-track benchmark, and the first open implementations of Apple WBM and Google LSM-2.

  3. MoTime: A Dataset Suite for Multimodal Time Series Forecasting

    cs.LG 2025-05 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    MoTime provides a large multimodal forecasting benchmark and shows that external text or images can improve forecasts in some datasets, especially cold-start and sparse settings, though gains are inconsistent.

  4. Evaluating Time Series Foundation Models for Electricity Price Forecasting: Contamination Risk, Distributional Shifts, and Covariate Dependence

    cs.LG 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    TSFMs need covariates for competitive EPF, do not consistently beat domain-specific methods, and simple TSFM–domain ensembles capture complementary signal under a contamination-aware two-dataset protocol.

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