Evolution of Octupole Deformation in Radium Nuclei from Coulomb Excitation of Radioactive ²²²Ra and ²²⁸Ra Beams
classification
⚛️ nucl-ex
hep-phnucl-thphysics.atom-ph
keywords
octupolenucleiradiumbeamscoulombdeformationelementsexcitation
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There is sparse direct experimental evidence that atomic nuclei can exhibit stable pear shapes arising from strong octupole correlations. In order to investigate the nature of octupole collectivity in radium isotopes, electric octupole ($E3$) matrix elements have been determined for transitions in $^{222,228}$Ra nuclei using the method of sub-barrier, multi-step Coulomb excitation. Beams of the radioactive radium isotopes were provided by the HIE-ISOLDE facility at CERN. The observed pattern of $E$3 matrix elements for different nuclear transitions is explained by describing $^{222}$Ra as pear-shaped with stable octupole deformation, while $^{228}$Ra behaves like an octupole vibrator.
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