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Heavy Baryon Dark Matter from SU(N) Confinement: Bubble Wall Velocity and Boundary Effects

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arxiv 2311.00029 v1 pith:M2IL7JMV submitted 2023-10-31 hep-ph astro-ph.CO

Heavy Baryon Dark Matter from SU(N) Confinement: Bubble Wall Velocity and Boundary Effects

classification hep-ph astro-ph.CO
keywords confinementdarkphasebaryonboundaryheavymatterquarks
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Confinement in $SU(N_{\rm DC})$ Yang-Mills theories is known to proceed through first-order phase transition. The wall velocity is bounded by $v_w \lesssim 10^{-6}$ due to the needed time for the substantial latent heat released during the phase transition to dissipate through Hubble expansion. Quarks much heavier than the confinement scale can be introduced without changing the confinement dynamics. After they freeze-out, heavy quarks are squeezed into pockets of the deconfined phase until they completely annihilate with anti-quarks. We calculate the dark baryon abundance surviving annihilation, due to bound-state formation occurring both in the bulk and - for the first time - at the boundary. We find that dark baryons can be dark matter with a mass up to $10^3~\rm TeV$. We study indirect and direct detection, CMB and BBN probes, assuming portals to Higgs and neutrinos.

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Cited by 4 Pith papers

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  1. Can the universe be matter-dominated after a supercooled first-order phase transition?

    hep-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 7.0

    After a supercooled first-order phase transition, the scalar field's equation of state is set by the bubble-wall Lorentz factor γ*, and matter domination is delayed until a/a* ≃ γ* in the free-streaming limit.

  2. Particle Production via Rippled Bubble Walls

    hep-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0

    A rippled bubble wall produces heavy particles resonantly when the momentum transfer matches the ripple frequency, potentially raising dark-matter abundance by orders of magnitude.

  3. Domain Walls From Confining Bubbles: $SU(N_{c})$ Yang Mills at Finite $\theta$

    hep-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0

    A nonzero theta angle weakens supercooling in SU(Nc) Yang-Mills confinement and makes any resulting domain-wall gravitational-wave signal invisible except under severe fine-tuning.

  4. Rich Phenomenology from Simple Ingredients: A Review of Confining Dark Sectors

    hep-ph 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 2.0

    Review of confining dark sectors summarizing dark matter candidates, abundance mechanisms, discovery channels, and applications to the abundance similarity puzzle.