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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey

As of 16 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 53 of 53 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2505.10315.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2505.10315 v1

Coverage vector

measured 53 of 53 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-15T21:15:18.482105Z

measured 54 of 54 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-05-10T16:56:54.499046Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-05-11T07:50:58.913667Z

Reference resolution

53 of 53 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact0
  • verified fuzzy39
  • unresolved14
  • parse uncertain0
  • malformed identifier0
  • metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation d79ab4db-0fa8-4198-8ebc-3d0bfd3d51bb · outbound

This paper cites Priv- former: Privacy-preserving transformer with MPC.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Priv- former: Privacy-preserving transformer with MPC

Reference 1

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.273651Z digest=sha256:d593312ddf9b5789735840357857e5674ded189ec153193166927eed00b392d8

Observation 294114aa-be7b-4801-884f-241abd091a1a · outbound

This paper cites SecureTLM: Private inference for transformer-based large model with MPC.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey SecureTLM: Private inference for transformer-based large model with MPC

Reference 6

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.295594Z digest=sha256:8ca717b4f5225f9b7a24ae86e1f1f3d820453916c244d7c08d07becf0b8b0085

Observation 1d8f1bd4-68c7-4ed2-bc0f-dd8e4d8fd8e6 · outbound

This paper cites East: Efficient and Accurate Secure Transformer Framework for Inference.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey East: Efficient and Accurate Secure Transformer Framework for Inference

Reference 9

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.308097Z digest=sha256:ed07b94ae0ede64bd1b26f4a0d4a231b647cfe462dd9730090ce312f77a65c1d

Observation 0b9e9f33-d5a2-4489-a6a0-cf25c4b560ee · outbound

This paper cites Puma: Secure inference of Llama-7b in five minutes.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Puma: Secure inference of Llama-7b in five minutes

Reference 10

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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.311827Z digest=sha256:b173aaae8bc48a4de5537b8af922555dd4d00d7fd9b83054e127a7968f3398bf

Observation ce015467-07cf-4a17-a64c-f03c350ba0c0 · outbound

This paper cites An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scale.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scale

Reference 11

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.315363Z digest=sha256:7fff5dacda60a2f97c9b7fe4909d6a9c5a5d5d0f1739cc15dd217f29e287b522

Observation b06eab36-6c01-4a71-8b88-5eaf2dde0807 · outbound

This paper cites A pragmatic introduction to secure multi-party computation.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey A pragmatic introduction to secure multi-party computation

Reference 12

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.319547Z digest=sha256:3990f0605df19fc44076767148f984c7fa54c5224a0a165b7dce244454c3798e

Observation d9e61c85-3582-4501-b6b5-e4b654225d05 · outbound

This paper cites Iron: Pri- vate inference on transformers.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Iron: Pri- vate inference on transformers

Reference 15

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.331005Z digest=sha256:5ca97dde43ada1ac27c7232e4606d4af1cdd8d11b80e61d43ab74a0daf31f58f

Observation 410cbb33-db2c-4c61-b4b7-f34d37c7e17c · outbound

This paper cites Escaping the Big Data Paradigm with Compact Transformers.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Escaping the Big Data Paradigm with Compact Transformers

Reference 16

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.334535Z digest=sha256:95afef667a137393f06b52529cce0a18dedd31d6c048aecce1f29e1e3092232e

Observation a5dc05be-b601-4584-8108-5e7ca261f0a0 · outbound

This paper cites SecBERT: Privacy-preserving pre-training based neural network inference system.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey SecBERT: Privacy-preserving pre-training based neural network inference system

Reference 19

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:15:19.046738Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.346385Z digest=sha256:c1e507a4fcdb5e25f681741878bdda40563516dbf3ccc3b02d268f100c148a95

Observation a0303f05-61ae-4ae9-98b1-1071f75dd464 · outbound

This paper cites Cheetah: Lean and fast secure{Two-Party} deep neural network inference.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Cheetah: Lean and fast secure{Two-Party} deep neural network inference

Reference 20

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.350175Z digest=sha256:216cb60e65b96e8b9a548bc9fa2fb06390b9cc72089f6d3cd05f543e545b5a08

Observation 5e6fe33c-2ca4-43f7-bfe0-39e8c5450a1d · outbound

This paper cites Orca: Fss-based secure training and inference with GPUs.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Orca: Fss-based secure training and inference with GPUs

Reference 21

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.353710Z digest=sha256:c3cea113eda90340c54399e239d20c47baa7a4d93e71eafb332c92958206af92

Observation 844cd6f6-ef07-412b-b8ce-0a97ad278e12 · outbound

This paper cites TinyBERT: Distilling BERT for Natural Language Understanding.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey TinyBERT: Distilling BERT for Natural Language Understanding

Reference 22

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.357302Z digest=sha256:21052057bfbdd79f4382faf06d34b8c7968ca565978ca0a29966eba366b242a2

Observation 853b9d6c-1853-49f3-89af-3c569c34efb2 · outbound

This paper cites LLMs Can Understand Encrypted Prompt: Towards Privacy-Computing Friendly Transformers.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey LLMs Can Understand Encrypted Prompt: Towards Privacy-Computing Friendly Transformers

Reference 24

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.366320Z digest=sha256:4e673fa8f8409c1d898a0d443c87ad0398040d00ab5892cfe4d6617418c9c8a5

Observation 027e772f-72e5-462b-a082-94927beab1a9 · outbound

This paper cites PPTIF: Privacy-preserving transformer inference framework for language translation.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey PPTIF: Privacy-preserving transformer inference framework for language translation

Reference 25

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:15:18.997560Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.370357Z digest=sha256:9290f047ef7803c609d5bfa41420e029c63b11c9dfe550a38151da050886e8e6

Observation d0ec0cb2-f0a3-4493-980c-bc25543979be · outbound

This paper cites Italy orders ChatGPT blocked citing data protection concerns.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Italy orders ChatGPT blocked citing data protection concerns

Reference 26

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:15:18.985690Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.373870Z digest=sha256:a154fee85ba3ad2c1d53c13912c5c0d77614f881c2f9cea9f23f097305aa2cce

Observation 7f8a07f5-24aa-4fd2-8d50-02886f6a6cf3 · outbound

This paper cites Bumblebee: Secure two-party infer- ence framework for large transformers.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Bumblebee: Secure two-party infer- ence framework for large transformers

Reference 27

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.377658Z digest=sha256:d5c4a0b705ddf3014848c408c02decb209c70fd0e8d3fb58fbf1c5842d0c33ab

Observation 106a7138-551b-497e-ad11-cf9cea028069 · outbound

This paper cites Chatting about ChatGPT: how may AI and GPT impact academia and libraries? Library hi tech news , 40(3):26– 29,.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Chatting about ChatGPT: how may AI and GPT impact academia and libraries? Library hi tech news , 40(3):26– 29,

Reference 28

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.381800Z digest=sha256:b0efe99d08edf56fc1a5836143e8609482dd1b9f2f50e74210db30381f8ed557

Observation 1cbca1f6-4646-4fd9-9cbf-861e50e02b04 · outbound

This paper cites SecFormer: Fast and accurate privacy- preserving inference for transformer models via SMPC.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey SecFormer: Fast and accurate privacy- preserving inference for transformer models via SMPC

Reference 29

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.385583Z digest=sha256:3cacdf3b707faec9c8e2f4a97f5148305d59cf320ffcee82303202930663fb7b

Observation eb47d5f1-060b-4f96-a011-dbc0cf3dd51a · outbound

This paper cites {SecretFlow-SPU}: A performant and{User-Friendly} framework for{Privacy- Preserving} machine learning.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey {SecretFlow-SPU}: A performant and{User-Friendly} framework for{Privacy- Preserving} machine learning

Reference 30

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.389163Z digest=sha256:252d54bdaf86007588e0fe55db967405300cdb3e2aa42934777099b0decbd751

Observation 67914ecf-f84d-400b-87f4-a7f615579a1b · outbound

This paper cites Software division and square root using Goldschmidt’s algorithms.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Software division and square root using Goldschmidt’s algorithms

Reference 31

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:15:18.926329Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.392686Z digest=sha256:370477a1166b5daee095b3791a2bc0659fbfbca055d92818d7c31ae8477047c4

Observation 8ef32a14-de33-4f5b-8ce6-2865aa428f76 · outbound

This paper cites Pointer Sentinel Mixture Models.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Pointer Sentinel Mixture Models

Reference 33

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.400616Z digest=sha256:9ecbe133a87d6b1b9bf645d2465673e7bcb99a2a14c2570a0d3912311cfa7537

Observation 46f968a7-1059-459f-a31c-636518bb2a64 · outbound

This paper cites THOR: Secure transformer infer- ence with homomorphic encryption.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey THOR: Secure transformer infer- ence with homomorphic encryption

Reference 34

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:15:18.897831Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.404645Z digest=sha256:027f99e7d3aaac556678af92e6f9678ff073ee388d432c7599b0ec9eddbba5bb

Observation 1ea0080f-9cb7-4a40-908c-360b5f63e295 · outbound

This paper cites BOLT: Privacy- preserving, accurate and efficient inference for transform- ers.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey BOLT: Privacy- preserving, accurate and efficient inference for transform- ers

Reference 35

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:15:18.883410Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.408638Z digest=sha256:23745a8e93bf9e83f6a110d53f9a2891bea6db226b3676848b16c7e830e9665d

Observation fdbf59a5-56f1-4e38-a79c-0790688673df · outbound

This paper cites Powerformer: Efficient privacy-preserving transformer with batch rectifier-power max function and optimized homomorphic attention.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Powerformer: Efficient privacy-preserving transformer with batch rectifier-power max function and optimized homomorphic attention

Reference 36

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:15:18.869477Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.412634Z digest=sha256:e03d494f28221d50df0a67d7876b9fe6c9c9c38661d2eb77e337bed91cacb6db

Observation 310e19c3-00ab-4baf-a59e-66cb2de2d837 · outbound

This paper cites Im- provements of homomorphic secure evaluation of inverse square root.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Im- provements of homomorphic secure evaluation of inverse square root

Reference 37

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:15:18.857357Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.416397Z digest=sha256:1351d5c8662e93118abb93e00fa5f2bacf15c7adda5a84f3b835a45d104c1172

Observation c21ce529-4780-422f-b6cf-d1d7f973b5a4 · outbound

This paper cites Transformer-based language models and homo- morphic encryption: An intersection with bert-tiny.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Transformer-based language models and homo- morphic encryption: An intersection with bert-tiny

Reference 38

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:15:18.845832Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.420827Z digest=sha256:0c8844cf960b97e6e8321d13b36ab6c507955ab4f5b808b4ca1e30423a8f8923

Observation 1f2d4ee8-10f4-48d4-a450-b8062b3ee0d4 · outbound

This paper cites What if the devil is my guardian angel: ChatGPT as a case study of using chatbots in education.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey What if the devil is my guardian angel: ChatGPT as a case study of using chatbots in education

Reference 39

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:15:18.833300Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.424545Z digest=sha256:968c45b9c694a336e58b781b24a5928f3aa1f58e67615bcf51c40c990ff5bdea

Observation e7e993af-d00e-4559-8a06-ce531df360f1 · outbound

This paper cites LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models

Reference 40

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T21:15:18.428516Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.428516Z digest=sha256:4020e36689f8f9c98d1ed5a51de9fcef22f86b9d1e878900ea1f4a704a10868f

Observation 7262c1d9-4a24-49ef-b876-67089575905f · outbound

This paper cites Attention is all you need.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Attention is all you need

Reference 41

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.432488Z digest=sha256:d5f1dc88a770cac02baea7bb4fac4247a7717bb17670590a632c0bd8f6afa533

Observation a6cc451d-f410-44df-a335-336044dd26dc · outbound

This paper cites Characterization of MPC-based private inference for transformer-based mod- els.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Characterization of MPC-based private inference for transformer-based mod- els

Reference 43

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:15:18.813316Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.440573Z digest=sha256:9ae78973c5e5b1d6c32a45fc3dce2525309bb90306bb1fd5f00190f167054006

Observation 651e8b11-c272-4389-9db2-0df18a0dc1da · outbound

This paper cites HE-Booster: an efficient polynomial arithmetic acceleration on gpus for fully homomorphic encryption.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey HE-Booster: an efficient polynomial arithmetic acceleration on gpus for fully homomorphic encryption

Reference 44

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:15:18.800846Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.445733Z digest=sha256:b29dda5b1e772027e200eea29ec60d84f2bcee32663174a1352072bcee009026

Observation 9e90eff6-8fc7-411e-bcb7-99d499319b0e · outbound

This paper cites On Protecting the Data Privacy of Large Language Models (LLMs): A Survey.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey On Protecting the Data Privacy of Large Language Models (LLMs): A Survey

Reference 45

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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.449556Z digest=sha256:b539f5f4135113b99e5db3422d0d89c0e14400cca93d38c82ac1aa0e6d2af1c1

Observation 44743035-4f25-402e-98ec-d0116be90294 · outbound

This paper cites Phantom: a cuda- accelerated word-wise homomorphic encryption library.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Phantom: a cuda- accelerated word-wise homomorphic encryption library

Reference 46

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:15:18.788806Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.453999Z digest=sha256:e8624e4bafab564211b1df68b626df7e2104024b5a37d98e8e7f2cfe04e8ca99

Observation 132e10b9-0361-4e71-a71e-970674782297 · outbound

This paper cites Protocols for secure computa- tions.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Protocols for secure computa- tions

Reference 47

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:15:18.776511Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.457834Z digest=sha256:7f731fd8836decab3f4e1cc3a5802ce07fba68b5746ce74e9546b6c1dc285520

Observation c8d6a9fd-dd95-4b1f-9359-6cbf15417267 · outbound

This paper cites Sal-vit: To- wards latency efficiefnt private inference on vit using se- lective attention search with a learnable softmax approx- imation.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Sal-vit: To- wards latency efficiefnt private inference on vit using se- lective attention search with a learnable softmax approx- imation

Reference 49

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:15:18.752526Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.465794Z digest=sha256:cccd6a03b62fd9a67a5d1b413f9f8695613203efbde4b37d9bfd83e3d53fe4ab

Observation 0d93072c-d614-4996-99f2-e52d44888bf8 · outbound

This paper cites Secure transformer inference made non-interactive.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Secure transformer inference made non-interactive

Reference 50

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:15:18.740361Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.469593Z digest=sha256:59f9af8df55507bf548a5e73bd644dbe00e6c8d4fc41ab28904f4c7bc095eba3

Observation da272407-417b-4b85-828c-bdc1b762d9ba · outbound

This paper cites Primer: Fast private transformer inference on en- crypted data.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Primer: Fast private transformer inference on en- crypted data

Reference 52

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:15:18.716108Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.477629Z digest=sha256:77762eb1b7e6c5d5038fa47f12f767875f2b6f59cadfcfd811e2a76434e62fde

Observation 1d18098a-c472-478f-83a8-3ed3afc2a696 · outbound

This paper cites Power-Softmax: Towards Secure LLM Inference over Encrypted Data.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Power-Softmax: Towards Secure LLM Inference over Encrypted Data

Reference 53

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T21:15:18.482105Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.482105Z digest=sha256:dd3a153211d4c3fb09a73180edce6f0b9053f3a517b7d3b97c961f346fce7f4b

Observation fc4b05af-5b36-40cf-b973-26dbe5ec4c06 · outbound

This paper cites Mpcvit: Searching for accurate and efficient MPC-friendly vision transformer with heterogeneous at- tention.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Mpcvit: Searching for accurate and efficient MPC-friendly vision transformer with heterogeneous at- tention

Reference 1982

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:15:18.764002Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.461725Z digest=sha256:47db83e5edaa952a609a225488a1f7f787db0a0abfc6004898644deeec1ca606

Observation ac6133b4-7719-4e03-a267-76712cae608c · outbound

This paper cites THE-X: Privacy-Preserving Transformer Inference with Homomorphic Encryption.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey THE-X: Privacy-Preserving Transformer Inference with Homomorphic Encryption

Reference 1992

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T21:15:18.287224Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.287224Z digest=sha256:f3b7991750095f413063d72872d3b45bb0c20848b45c897584d78c44ff6696b2

Observation 23ad1240-8526-4759-8dbf-19e812e0fcaa · outbound

This paper cites Whoops, samsung work- ers accidentally leaked trade secrets via ChatGPT.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Whoops, samsung work- ers accidentally leaked trade secrets via ChatGPT

Reference 2004

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:15:18.912627Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.397129Z digest=sha256:15b35a2b9cf87f5a51ef747f0558ff1f11b84bc2f1b5b772784acd0e4a8cffaf

Observation c82ad305-f98d-4a59-9c98-96607240bc5c · outbound

This paper cites Ciphergpt: Se- cure two-party GPT inference.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Ciphergpt: Se- cure two-party GPT inference

Reference 2006

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:15:19.058973Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.342977Z digest=sha256:0ebd558e4fa2cf52829c366b71ab6f856550a2638982e986e8441cc2d08989ae

Observation ab30041a-b8c9-4541-afab-fd826743ab3a · outbound

This paper cites SIGMA: secure GPT inference with function secret sharing.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey SIGMA: secure GPT inference with function secret sharing

Reference 2009

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:15:19.096381Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.327477Z digest=sha256:aeda9b9046cac633f1283d18c0b13fdc07cea4fb5fe35584d5d198f0922d4220

Observation 972be01a-bbd1-4489-bc56-abd62def6756 · outbound

This paper cites Efficient multiparty proto- cols using circuit randomization.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Efficient multiparty proto- cols using circuit randomization

Reference 2016

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:15:19.184071Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.282871Z digest=sha256:dd937494fae37d2d86e16fa312fe72005116e2f89443ad02436fcd0df3700c36

Observation bc46d194-8641-498b-9433-60e8a5dceb4c · outbound

This paper cites GLUE: A Multi-Task Benchmark and Analysis Platform for Natural Language Understanding.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey GLUE: A Multi-Task Benchmark and Analysis Platform for Natural Language Understanding

Reference 2017

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T21:15:18.436088Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.436088Z digest=sha256:ca1f1fe347acb7a882534efb7cb0c214d725e99ad0591c995f03dd4a60f21b5d

Observation 73729268-985b-4b14-a458-396d6c4cbad9 · outbound

This paper cites Fully homomorphic encryption using ideal lattices.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Fully homomorphic encryption using ideal lattices

Reference 2018

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:15:19.108785Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.323568Z digest=sha256:fca8dfda17f924c68e10c23d33fb9d83563edac9646cefdd29dca7ca6913258e

Observation ba0ea994-6384-4eab-8a01-f7c8ed879561 · outbound

This paper cites MPCFORMER: Fast, performant and private transformer inference with MPC.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey MPCFORMER: Fast, performant and private transformer inference with MPC

Reference 2019

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:15:19.009417Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.361977Z digest=sha256:e3bd25553f7935f3e3e1e04fa1b8261400b48ebc81c4c507801da2ba563bc5d6

Observation 434f90e3-2153-4ba0-95ed-53765091b498 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Unresolved cited work

Reference 2020

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:15:19.134336Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.303907Z digest=sha256:d909f1986b66f55dd77e046e38067dfa7d7d399646f58569d402f0c14e0a05a1

Observation 1d4fed6b-bbe4-42ac-af3a-d6077b4a97b5 · outbound

This paper cites A fast learning algorithm for deep belief nets.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey A fast learning algorithm for deep belief nets

Reference 2021

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:15:19.072027Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.338523Z digest=sha256:d6bed5a94548b9360977712e90f60ac93eb7db1d10214e647efb42a5746d5af9

Observation 9bd50e27-d444-41f1-a9e2-f54aab2383b4 · outbound

This paper cites RNA-ViT: Reduced- dimension approximate normalized attention vision trans- formers for latency efficient private inference.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey RNA-ViT: Reduced- dimension approximate normalized attention vision trans- formers for latency efficient private inference

Reference 2022

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:15:19.172898Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.291702Z digest=sha256:424433803ce5a3d9f965411c489b684f24c0bd58a3a83d321356c7c0af72a5b3

Observation 560ef3a0-e701-4223-8935-fb9e74b45519 · outbound

This paper cites High-throughput semi-honest secure three-party computation with an hon- est majority.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey High-throughput semi-honest secure three-party computation with an hon- est majority

Reference 2023

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:15:19.194502Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.278587Z digest=sha256:d63a741e38280990db13d1c4beec21c5835adbdc689c8f2cdd1ed15faf29836d

Observation 441eb28c-e047-4e97-af89-d06895dc3711 · outbound

This paper cites Efficient homomorphic comparison meth- ods with optimal complexity.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Efficient homomorphic comparison meth- ods with optimal complexity

Reference 2024

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:15:19.147920Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.299684Z digest=sha256:58d4928a21192a5bcf70b42a6ecc9906f2f6a08037ba3365e02a3841b247aeb6

Observation 7d7b347e-4097-43d7-a577-b7164b0b59e9 · outbound

This paper cites Secure multi-party computation: theory, prac- tice and applications.

Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Secure multi-party computation: theory, prac- tice and applications

Reference 2025

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T21:15:18.728490Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T21:15:18.473280Z digest=sha256:11e90153b09fecf5fba1fc19709e7139076f43a08b8776e8e415466861eca774

Pith citing papers

Observation 3b4adebf-367a-4a14-a51b-d8b50316348a · inbound

EncFormer: Secure and Efficient Transformer Inference over Encrypted Data cites this paper.

EncFormer: Secure and Efficient Transformer Inference over Encrypted Data Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey

Reference 47

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-11T07:50:58.917600Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T16:56:54.499046Z digest=sha256:bad48fd216f24b93bbb67e7c710c2478adaf32fa32745292da82dcec373f8db3