Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-11T11:37:23.570040Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
As of 13 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 72 of 72 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2412.15177.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-11T11:37:23.570040Z
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-05-14T19:59:13.378797Z
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-05-14T19:59:25.716465Z
72 of 72 outbound references displayed
External citation measurements
No source-named external measurement is stored.
Observation b08ef645-289f-4b84-8223-46cf6a2b8846 · outbound
Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying The surprising effectiveness of test-time training for abstract reasoning, 2024
Reference 1
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation 3309e9cd-0357-4790-a785-75d2cf6ca2b4 · outbound
Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying Claude 3.5 Sonnet
Reference 2
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation 3da882ae-db61-4f6b-abed-a538b9e23d33 · outbound
Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying Handbook of formal argumentation
Reference 3
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation 34f404d5-4987-4271-8e8a-b59ffdefe888 · outbound
Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying Large Language Monkeys: Scaling Inference Compute with Repeated Sampling
Reference 4
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 81913cf2-f344-4e49-ad71-3e1ee128519b · outbound
Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying Unresolved cited work
Reference 5
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 4d30286b-3a26-45c4-b2d2-1dc40b678fc4 · outbound
Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying Computational argumentation-based chatbots: a survey
Reference 6
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation 3d71f147-8d40-4869-996a-6e90c3a505f1 · outbound
Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying Unresolved cited work
Reference 7
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation e238ba12-eb8e-4fcb-8682-9624ebbbbea2 · outbound
Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying Can formal argumentative reasoning enhance LLMs performances?
Reference 8
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation a62f167a-2fb6-404f-ae5c-40fabbeb4c46 · outbound
Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying A Survey on Evaluation of Large Language Models
Reference 9
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 213e5317-9668-49dc-950a-22bf292aa3bf · outbound
Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying A simple and provable scaling law for the test-time compute of large language models
Reference 10
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation dbd509c6-5aab-426b-8659-09899298678d · outbound
Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying Chatbot Arena: An Open Platform for Evaluating LLMs by Human Preference
Reference 11
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation cdccc71c-1853-4fc2-81be-db06de5e131a · outbound
Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying Arc prize 2024
Reference 12
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation 9eb70152-91ff-4219-8bdb-dff8bcf9cea1 · outbound
Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying On the measure of intelligence, 2019
Reference 13
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation 308e9ea8-ec23-42b8-b01f-9830d604cbf7 · outbound
Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying LM vs LM: Detecting Factual Errors via Cross Examination
Reference 14
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 77d0779b-c7cf-4aa4-aca3-df2f6822d4ee · outbound
Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying On the acceptability of arguments and its fundamental role in nonmonotonic reasoning, logic programming and n-person games
Reference 15
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation f6d618e2-6aad-4422-b592-6bed30b1e78b · outbound
Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying Argumentative Large Language Models for Explainable and Contestable Claim Verification
Reference 16
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation babe8008-0903-458a-917f-01529454310c · outbound
Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying Mamba: Linear-Time Sequence Modeling with Selective State Spaces
Reference 17
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 139fdc45-da46-487d-ac07-af1711312f26 · outbound
Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying Harnessing toul- min’s theory for zero-shot argument explication
Reference 18
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation dfb390f6-15bb-4df0-9778-603ed34be7b2 · outbound
Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying FOLIO: Natural Language Reasoning with First-Order Logic
Reference 19
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 6ed066dd-76b6-4d1a-bcb8-5a4e79812f49 · outbound
Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understanding
Reference 20
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation b8e6da9e-0270-42b8-be4a-05410a832542 · outbound
Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying Measuring Mathematical Problem Solving With the MATH Dataset
Reference 21
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 97f1c14a-94e2-48e7-8c0b-b3ce176d071e · outbound
Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying OpenAI and others seek new path to smarter AI as current methods hit limitations
Reference 22
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation ac167ec7-0e09-4498-8e8d-1b714c626a7b · outbound
Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying Thinking, fast and slow
Reference 23
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 0a5f23dd-81b4-4872-ac37-775c3b3e2eb0 · outbound
Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying How far is video generation from world model: A physical law perspective, 2024
Reference 24
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 82024b49-2f83-4fd3-96a4-e6c5cd2a596e · outbound
Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying Large language models are zero-shot reasoners
Reference 25
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 91f0520f-e27e-4669-8c35-f85a19a23b4a · outbound
Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying Jamba: A Hybrid Transformer-Mamba Language Model
Reference 26
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation da9668bf-10b5-4ba8-9b9c-084a4204b3c4 · outbound
Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying Unresolved cited work
Reference 27
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation a23e31cb-71f4-48a9-9aa7-2f767693a97f · outbound
Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying Lin and Y
Reference 28
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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation 6f37ed41-1981-462d-8b3c-748c6fdddbca · outbound
Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying Unresolved cited work
Reference 29
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation 5498219b-2a18-4491-b4e8-6b0986093e77 · outbound
Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying Why do humans reason? Arguments for an argumentative theory
Reference 30
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation 32fe3a89-b9b6-4ded-8d8d-381ddd1c88ee · outbound
Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying OpenAI, Google and Anthropic are struggling to build more advanced AI
Reference 31
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation e131c432-a2c3-4d1d-9de7-fb2d83e4de24 · outbound
Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying GSM-Symbolic: Understanding the Limitations of Mathematical Reasoning in Large Language Models
Reference 32
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation abd9e728-58a3-4d52-a428-11260a6c8fff · outbound
Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying Unresolved cited work
Reference 33
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation 7ba9f03e-0623-458f-abc0-0d780d141416 · outbound
Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying Arithmetic Without Algorithms: Language Models Solve Math With a Bag of Heuristics
Reference 34
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 8682a198-9aae-4d84-aada-c01b3919c9ee · outbound
Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying Introducing ChatGPT
Reference 35
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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation 98851940-a988-43f9-92e0-7cc9fb15ad04 · outbound
Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying GPT-4o System Card
Reference 36
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 40397c6e-8f7c-4a0a-81db-90bf3464388c · outbound
Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying Learning to reason with LLMs
Reference 37
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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation e08f55f2-36b2-4487-b471-ebc9c72fe2ff · outbound
Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying OpenAI Shifts Strategy as Rate of ‘GPT’ AI Improvements Slows
Reference 38
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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation 63824d7f-e7bb-4646-bcf4-f7ad68bd0d57 · outbound
Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying Unresolved cited work
Reference 39
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation 109cdf31-7d16-4fa7-b804-f9086c0c4749 · outbound
Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying Unresolved cited work
Reference 40
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation 6419d897-4b79-4e76-b109-bf26eca4b24c · outbound
Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying GPQA: A Graduate-Level Google-Proof Q&A Benchmark
Reference 41
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 27034006-1d57-4a3c-b597-6625532b93d7 · outbound
Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying Unresolved cited work
Reference 42
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation 1b405270-61f8-4a57-b1d7-001b9d9d4f3e · outbound
Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying A Systematic Survey of Prompt Engineering in Large Language Models: Techniques and Applications
Reference 43
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation dc1c25cb-0798-46a4-8a53-1dff6ac53f09 · outbound
Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying Aristotle’s Logic
Reference 44
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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation 260b3542-670e-40d5-8967-3f34f54ce9aa · outbound
Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying Scaling LLM Test-Time Compute Optimally can be More Effective than Scaling Model Parameters
Reference 45
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 93cf31ba-ad39-4cf3-9fa9-ab2477be8178 · outbound
Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying Functional Benchmarks for Robust Evaluation of Reasoning Performance, and the Reasoning Gap
Reference 46
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation e92359ad-a340-49ab-85d3-99b5a7882fcc · outbound
Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying Challenging BIG-Bench Tasks and Whether Chain-of-Thought Can Solve Them
Reference 47
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 8c297a7f-7bac-4138-8238-ab53639fe280 · outbound
Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying JudgeBench: A Benchmark for Evaluating LLM-based Judges
Reference 48
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 4a0188c8-08cd-441b-9de8-a914cc9ef4af · outbound
Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying DeepSeek-R1-Lite-Preview
Reference 49
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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation ea0bb719-5576-4792-a1b5-644998ef5b34 · outbound
Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying Gemini 1.5: Unlocking multimodal understanding across millions of tokens of context
Reference 50
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 23adc462-2fbf-46f6-93a7-0fdfc69b1b96 · outbound
Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying QwQ: Reflect deeply on the boundaries of the unknown, November 2024
Reference 51
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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation a4c2d7fc-4f67-47f4-8c0f-24546d1047ce · outbound
Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying Unresolved cited work
Reference 52
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation d4f9d6ba-1087-4834-9278-1a2e22eaa884 · outbound
Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying Attention is all you need
Reference 53
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 9992c085-afd9-4ac6-98ac-fa227c0ce4d4 · outbound
Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying Evaluating arguments based on toulmin’s scheme
Reference 54
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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation 514c3d75-872c-435e-95c6-76685b1b6c09 · outbound
Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying Reed, and F
Reference 55
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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation ff32e236-f209-4a10-aae0-40fba81d0009 · outbound
Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying Argumentation schemes for presumptive reasoning
Reference 56
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation 97fafceb-0a42-439b-80ab-c550fac62081 · outbound
Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying MMLU-Pro: A More Robust and Challenging Multi-Task Language Understanding Benchmark
Reference 57
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 7999a285-76e2-40eb-86af-2b217ab792c8 · outbound
Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying Chain-of-thought prompting elic- its reasoning in large language models
Reference 58
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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation d51f9f0b-9d16-4ea1-b363-874993aff575 · outbound
Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying LiveBench: A Challenging, Contamination-Limited LLM Benchmark
Reference 59
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation c5b677c2-a98c-4230-8e5b-7383d98fe7b3 · outbound
Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying Enhancing LLM Reasoning via Critique Models with Test-Time and Training-Time Supervision
Reference 60
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 95bd4892-e638-4624-9daa-6978745615e8 · outbound
Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying Schemes, critical questions, and complete argument evaluation
Reference 61
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation 292c12bb-bdce-4b95-a914-902164c34d63 · outbound
Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying Cumulative Reasoning with Large Language Models
Reference 62
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 9e3b1855-aae9-45da-8bb8-ab779445065f · outbound
Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying Judging llm-as-a-judge with mt-bench and chatbot arena
Reference 63
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation 3a2ae884-8bd2-47c7-a25c-cf9a31f69cb4 · outbound
Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying Unresolved cited work
Reference 65
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation 7c87f8a8-1aa8-41e8-8384-69165da3bcd3 · outbound
Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying Unresolved cited work
Reference 66
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation e2cf22d6-c9f8-4568-bfe1-58a75627c5cf · outbound
Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying Unresolved cited work
Reference 67
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation e00a01b1-be63-4de0-b7b0-e80ba34635ef · outbound
Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying Unresolved cited work
Reference 68
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation 81d691d1-0739-4f8c-8a24-e7b597430018 · outbound
Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying Unresolved cited work
Reference 69
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation ed7d5793-8729-4f0c-8353-3d6407ca6f9d · outbound
Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying Unresolved cited work
Reference 70
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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation 5e8c5880-06ab-4788-9690-12892b4a5e72 · outbound
Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying Unresolved cited work
Reference 71
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation 6a51b211-f662-4210-8951-6e0b18b5fc47 · outbound
Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying Let’s think step by step
Reference 72
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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation 05717a65-5111-44b9-a02a-e1534e019328 · outbound
Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying Unresolved cited work
Reference 2024
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation cd588f66-d574-4927-8d56-665e38649d9b · inbound
CHAL: Council of Hierarchical Agentic Language Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying
Reference 20
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.