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Numerical Simulations of Super-Eddington Accretion Flows
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In this chapter, we summarize recent progress on the properties of accretion disks when the accretion rate exceeds the so-called Eddington limit based on multi-dimensional radiation magnetohydrodynamic simulations. We first summarize the classical models that are used to describe the accretion disks in the super-Eddington regime with an emphasis on the key uncertainties in these models. Then we show that radiation-driven outflows are ubiquitously found by numerical simulations of super-Eddington accretion disks. Some key physical processes on energy transport inside the disk are also identified by numerical simulations. Radiative and mechanical output as a function of mass accretion rates, black hole mass, spin, and magnetic field topology are summarized. Applications of super-Eddington accretion disks to different astrophysical systems, particularly tidal disruption events, are also discussed.
Forward citations
Cited by 4 Pith papers
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Supermassive Black Hole Growth in Massive Galaxies at Cosmic Dawn
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Radiation GRMHD Models of Accretion onto Stellar-Mass Black Holes: I. Survey of Eddington Ratios
Full-transport radiation GRMHD simulations show super-Eddington black hole accretion is geometrically thick, drives strong outflows, and radiates with very low efficiency (below about 0.5% at 150 times Eddington).
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Super-Eddington accretion models can explain why little red dots show almost no variability, whereas standard sub-Eddington AGN variability models predict changes that should already have been seen.
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