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Discovering $\mu$Hz gravitational waves and ultra-light dark matter with binary resonances

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arxiv 2504.15334 v1 pith:PECZWJRZ submitted 2025-04-21 astro-ph.CO gr-qchep-ph

classification astro-ph.COgr-qchep-ph
keywords binaryanalysisdarkgravitationallasermattermodelingranging
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abstract

In the presence of a weak gravitational wave (GW) background, astrophysical binary systems act as high-quality resonators, with efficient transfer of energy and momentum between the orbit and a harmonic GW leading to potentially detectable orbital perturbations. In this work, we develop and apply a novel modeling and analysis framework that describes the imprints of GWs on binary systems in a fully time-resolved manner to study the sensitivity of lunar laser ranging, satellite laser ranging, and pulsar timing to both resonant and nonresonant GW backgrounds. We demonstrate that optimal data collection, modeling, and analysis lead to projected sensitivities which are orders of magnitude better than previously appreciated possible, opening up a new possibility for probing the physics-rich but notoriously challenging to access $\mu\mathrm{Hz}$ frequency GWs. We also discuss improved prospects for the detection of the stochastic fluctuations of ultra-light dark matter, which may analogously perturb the binary orbits.

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Forward citations

Cited by 5 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Ultralight Boson Ionization from Comparable-Mass Binary Black Holes

    gr-qc 2025-09 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    Ionization of boson molecules bound to a black hole binary can dominate gravitational-wave losses during early inspiral, imprinting a turnover in the nanohertz GW background and circularizing the orbit.

  2. Sensitivity of binary pulsar timing to spin-0 and spin-1 ultralight dark matter

    astro-ph.CO 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    Binary pulsar timing can constrain quadratic scalar ULDM couplings between 2e-22 and 2e-21 eV and vector ULDM couplings between 1e-23 and 1e-18 eV via resonant orbital effects.

  3. GUEST: Gravitational Universe Exploration with Satellite Tracking. A passive satellite laser-ranging mission for the dark gravitational Universe

    astro-ph.CO 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Two passive, retroreflector-covered spheres in high-eccentricity Earth orbits, tracked by satellite laser ranging, could open the microhertz gravitational-wave window and deliver several fundamental-physics and geodes...

  4. Implications for Pulsar Timing Arrays of Sub-solar Black Hole Detections: From LVK to Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer

    astro-ph.CO 2025-08 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A Bayesian analysis shows that a future sub-solar PBH detection would make the primordial SIGW interpretation of PTA data favored over the SMBH interpretation, but this preference is driven by the detection prior.

  5. Magnetogenesis from Sawtooth Coupling: Gravitational Wave Probe of Reheating

    astro-ph.CO 2025-06 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A sawtooth coupling active during reheating can generate blue-tilted magnetic fields whose secondary gravitational waves peak at nanohertz to millihertz frequencies.

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