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The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) radioactivity and cleanliness control programs

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arxiv 2006.02506 v3 pith:PMSFTGN3 submitted 2020-06-03 physics.ins-det hep-ex

D.S. Akerib , C.W. Akerlof , D. Yu. Akimov , A. Alquahtani , S.K. Alsum , T.J. Anderson , N. Angelides , H.M. Araújo
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A. Arbuckle J.E. Armstrong M. Arthurs H. Auyeung S. Aviles X. Bai A.J. Bailey J. Balajthy S. Balashov J. Bang M.J. Barry D. Bauer P. Bauer A. Baxter J. Belle P. Beltrame J. Bensinger T. Benson E.P. Bernard A. Bernstein A. Bhatti A. Biekert T.P. Biesiadzinski H.J. Birch B. Birrittella K.E. Boast A.I. Bolozdynya E.M. Boulton B. Boxer R. Bramante S. Branson P. Brás M. Breidenbach C.A.J. Brew J.H. Buckley V.V. Bugaev R. Bunker S. Burdin J.K. Busenitz R. Cabrita J.S. Campbell C. Carels D.L. Carlsmith B. Carlson M.C. Carmona-Benitez M. Cascella C. Chan J.J. Cherwinka A.A. Chiller C. Chiller N.I. Chott A. Cole J. Coleman D. Colling R.A. Conley A. Cottle R. Coughlen G. Cox W.W. Craddock D. Curran A. Currie J.E. Cutter J.P. da Cunhaw C.E. Dahl S. Dardin S. Dasu J. Davis T.J.R. Davison L. de Viveiros N. Decheine A. Dobi J.E.Y. Dobson E. Druszkiewicz A. Dushkin T.K. Edberg W.R. Edwards B.N. Edwards J. Edwards M.M. Elnimr W.T. Emmet S.R. Eriksen C.H. Faham A. Fan S. Fayer S. Fiorucci H. Flaecher I.M. Fogarty Florang P. Ford V.B. Francis E.D. Fraser F. Froborg T. Fruth R.J. Gaitskell N.J. Gantos D. Garcia V.M. Gehman R. Gelfand J. Genovesi R.M. Gerhard C. Ghag E. Gibson M.G.D. Gilchriese S. Gokhale B. Gomber T.G. Gonda A. Greenall S. Greenwood G. Gregerson M.G.D. van der Grinten C.B. Gwilliam C.R. Hall D. Hamilton S. Hans K. Hanzel T. Harrington A. Harrison J. Harrison C. Hasselkus S.J. Haselschwardt D. Hemer S.A. Hertel J. Heise S. Hillbrand O. Hitchcock C. Hjemfelt M.D. Hoff B. Holbrook E. Holtom J.Y-K. Hor M. Horn D.Q. Huang T.W. Hurteau C.M. Ignarra M.N. Irving R.G. Jacobsen O. Jahangir S.N. Jeffery W. Ji M. Johnson J. Johnson P. Johnson W.G. Jones A.C. Kaboth A. Kamaha K. Kamdin V. Kasey K. Kazkaz J. Keefner D. Khaitan M. Khaleeq A. Khazov A.V. Khromov I. Khurana Y.D. Kim W.T. Kim C.D. Kocher D. Kodroff A.M. Konovalov L. Korley E.V. Korolkova M. Koyuncu J. Kras H. Kraus S.W. Kravitz H.J. Krebs L. Kreczko B. Krikler V.A. Kudryavtsev A.V. Kumpan S. Kyre A.R. Lambert B. Landerud N.A. Larsen A. Laundrie E.A. Leason H.S. Lee J. Lee C. Lee B.G. Lenardo D.S. Leonard R. Leonard K.T. Lesko C. Levy J. Li Y. Liu J. Liao F.-T. Liao J. Lin A. Lindote R. Linehan W.H. Lippincott R. Liu X. Liu C. Loniewski M.I. Lopes E. Lopez-Asamar B. López Paredes W. Lorenzon D. Lucero S. Luitz J.M. Lyle C. Lynch P.A. Majewski J. Makkinje D.C. Malling A. Manalaysay L. Manenti R.L. Mannino N. Marangou D.J. Markley P. MarrLaundrie T.J. Martin M.F. Marzioni C. Maupin C.T. McConnell D.N. McKinsey J. McLaughlin D.-M. Mei Y. Meng E.H. Miller Z.J. Minaker E. Mizrachi J. Mock D. Molash A. Monte M.E. Monzani J.A. Morad E. Morrison B.J. Mount A.St.J. Murphy D. Naim A. Naylor C. Nedlik C. Nehrkorn H.N. Nelson J. Nesbit F. Neves J.A. Nikkel J.A. Nikoleyczik A. Nilima J. O'Dell H. Oh F.G. O'Neill K. O'Sullivan I. Olcina M.A. Olevitch K.C. Oliver-Mallory L. Oxborough A. Pagac D. Pagenkopf S. Pal K.J. Palladino V.M. Palmaccio J. Palmer M. Pangilinan N. Parveen S.J. Patton E.K. Pease B.P. Penning G. Pereira C. Pereira I.B. Peterson A. Piepke S. Pierson S. Powell R.M. Preece K. Pushkin Y. Qie M. Racine B.N. Ratcliff J. Reichenbacher L. Reichhart C.A. Rhyne A. Richards Q. Riffard G.R.C. Rischbieter J.P. Rodrigues H.J. Rose R. Rosero P. Rossiter R. Rucinski G. Rutherford J.S. Saba L. Sabarots D. Santone M. Sarychev A.B.M.R. Sazzad R.W. Schnee M. Schubnell P.R. Scovell M. Severson D. Seymour S. Shaw G.W. Shutt T.A. Shutt J.J. Silk C. Silva K. Skarpaas W. Skulski A.R. Smith R.J. Smith R.E. Smith J. So M. Solmaz V.N. Solovov P. Sorensen V.V. Sosnovtsev I. Stancu M.R. Stark S. Stephenson N. Stern A. Stevens T.M. Stiegler K. Stifter R. Studley T.J. Sumner K. Sundarnath P. Sutcliffe N. Swanson M. Szydagis M. Tan W.C. Taylor R. Taylor D.J. Taylor D. Temples B.P. Tennyson P.A. Terman K.J. Thomas J.A. Thomson D.R. Tiedt M. Timalsina W.H. To A. Tomás T.E. Tope M. Tripathi D.R. Tronstad C.E. Tull W. Turner L. Tvrznikova M. Utes U. Utku S. Uvarov J. Va'vra A. Vacheret A. Vaitkus J.R. Verbus T. Vietanen E. Voirin C.O. Vuosalo S. Walcott W.L. Waldron K. Walker J.J. Wang R. Wang L. Wang W. Wang Y. Wang J.R. Watson J. Migneault S. Weatherly R.C. Webb W.-Z. Wei M. While R.G. White J.T. White D.T. White T.J. Whitis W.J. Wisniewski K. Wilson M.S. Witherell F.L.H. Wolfs J.D. Wolfs D. Woodward S.D. Worm X. Xiang Q. Xiao J. Xu M. Yeh J. Yin I. Young C. Zhang P. Zarzhitsky
This is my paper · ORCID
classification physics.ins-dethep-ex
keywords campaignconstructionbackgroundcleanlinesscontroldetectorlux-zeplinquality
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

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abstract

LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) is a second-generation direct dark matter experiment with spin-independent WIMP-nucleon scattering sensitivity above $1.4 \times 10^{-48}$ cm$^{2}$ for a WIMP mass of 40 GeV/c$^{2}$ and a 1000 d exposure. LZ achieves this sensitivity through a combination of a large 5.6 t fiducial volume, active inner and outer veto systems, and radio-pure construction using materials with inherently low radioactivity content. The LZ collaboration performed an extensive radioassay campaign over a period of six years to inform material selection for construction and provide an input to the experimental background model against which any possible signal excess may be evaluated. The campaign and its results are described in this paper. We present assays of dust and radon daughters depositing on the surface of components as well as cleanliness controls necessary to maintain background expectations through detector construction and assembly. Finally, examples from the campaign to highlight fixed contaminant radioassays for the LZ photomultiplier tubes, quality control and quality assurance procedures through fabrication, radon emanation measurements of major sub-systems, and bespoke detector systems to assay scintillator are presented.

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Cited by 2 Pith papers

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    HydroX, a proposed hydrogen-doped liquid xenon TPC, projects sensitivity to sub-GeV dark matter through enhanced proton-recoil signals in a large xenon detector.

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    Flow-dependent tagging, built from paired radon-polonium decays, identifies 63% of 214Pb beta-decay backgrounds in LZ's fiducial volume at 9.0% exposure cost.

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