Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Measuring Human Involvement in AI-Generated Text: A Case Study on Academic Writing

As of 7 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 32 of 32 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2506.03501.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2506.03501 v1

Coverage vector

measured 32 of 32 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T11:06:07.924545Z

measured 32 of 32 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

32 of 32 outbound references displayed

verified exact2
verified fuzzy15
unresolved14
parse uncertain1
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation d647c4a9-0abd-43bb-bc08-19cee81e1e55 · outbound

This paper cites ChatGPT: Applications, op- portunities, and threats,.

Measuring Human Involvement in AI-Generated Text: A Case Study on Academic Writing ChatGPT: Applications, op- portunities, and threats,

Reference 1

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:06:11.219403Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 8f993ff1-a364-4c9b-97b5-6091f210febc · outbound

This paper cites GPT-4 Technical Report.

Measuring Human Involvement in AI-Generated Text: A Case Study on Academic Writing GPT-4 Technical Report

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T11:06:06.519938Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4e6a621d-0677-4b31-80a8-d4632a19d3b8 · outbound

This paper cites Security and Privacy Challenges of Large Language Models: A Survey.

Measuring Human Involvement in AI-Generated Text: A Case Study on Academic Writing Security and Privacy Challenges of Large Language Models: A Survey

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T11:06:06.546417Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 13a87ebb-e8cd-4222-9965-6f15c538d825 · outbound

This paper cites Abstracts written by chatgpt fool scientists,.

Measuring Human Involvement in AI-Generated Text: A Case Study on Academic Writing Abstracts written by chatgpt fool scientists,

Reference 4

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:06:11.009218Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation b68d9e6b-a18e-4c45-ad05-ff8117d2de5a · outbound

This paper cites University policies on ai writing tools — overview & list,.

Measuring Human Involvement in AI-Generated Text: A Case Study on Academic Writing University policies on ai writing tools — overview & list,

Reference 5

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:06:10.844171Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 9253d6b5-d852-460d-ab81-53c6b358489c · outbound

This paper cites Fake academic papers may have been created with ai; japanese researcher falsely cited as author on overseas ‘predatory journal’ website,.

Measuring Human Involvement in AI-Generated Text: A Case Study on Academic Writing Fake academic papers may have been created with ai; japanese researcher falsely cited as author on overseas ‘predatory journal’ website,

Reference 6

Resolution: verified exact; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:06:08.796247Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 5ecd1a3b-dee3-4c29-9bb6-aea6281c8856 · outbound

This paper cites Kyaw, “Survey: 30.

Measuring Human Involvement in AI-Generated Text: A Case Study on Academic Writing Kyaw, “Survey: 30

Reference 7

Resolution: parse uncertain; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:06:10.645135Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 660e7afe-31b3-4943-a8f7-9147c8086a33 · outbound

This paper cites Balancing ai and academic integrity: what are the positions of academic publishers and universities?.

Measuring Human Involvement in AI-Generated Text: A Case Study on Academic Writing Balancing ai and academic integrity: what are the positions of academic publishers and universities?

Reference 8

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:06:10.550049Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 9ce021dd-2299-4598-8e89-2a26ecfe92d2 · outbound

This paper cites A comprehensive AI policy education framework for university teaching and learning,.

Measuring Human Involvement in AI-Generated Text: A Case Study on Academic Writing A comprehensive AI policy education framework for university teaching and learning,

Reference 9

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:06:10.443673Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation c223df42-22cc-4af3-8a9d-aa48b187c573 · outbound

This paper cites CHEAT: A Large-scale Dataset for Detecting ChatGPT-writtEn AbsTracts.

Measuring Human Involvement in AI-Generated Text: A Case Study on Academic Writing CHEAT: A Large-scale Dataset for Detecting ChatGPT-writtEn AbsTracts

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T11:06:06.711048Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e0554e23-11ac-4686-97e1-03bce161d7aa · outbound

This paper cites Enhancing robustness of LLM-synthetic text detectors for academic writing: A comprehensive analysis,.

Measuring Human Involvement in AI-Generated Text: A Case Study on Academic Writing Enhancing robustness of LLM-synthetic text detectors for academic writing: A comprehensive analysis,

Reference 11

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:06:10.313887Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation b6f0c8b5-651e-41a5-831e-ccd4443cdda4 · outbound

This paper cites BERTScore: Evaluating text generation with BERT,.

Measuring Human Involvement in AI-Generated Text: A Case Study on Academic Writing BERTScore: Evaluating text generation with BERT,

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T11:06:06.747854Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 432da00e-fbd3-46d0-b20a-b9de57d7ad97 · outbound

This paper cites Unsupervised and Distributional Detection of Machine-Generated Text.

Measuring Human Involvement in AI-Generated Text: A Case Study on Academic Writing Unsupervised and Distributional Detection of Machine-Generated Text

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T11:06:06.768128Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f6c79249-385a-461f-a590-0be317c4b0d4 · outbound

This paper cites Detection of chatgpt fake science with the xfakesci learning algorithm,.

Measuring Human Involvement in AI-Generated Text: A Case Study on Academic Writing Detection of chatgpt fake science with the xfakesci learning algorithm,

Reference 14

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:06:10.121565Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 7f8574eb-448d-4937-a025-993815548e62 · outbound

This paper cites Ghostbuster: Detecting text ghostwritten by large language models,.

Measuring Human Involvement in AI-Generated Text: A Case Study on Academic Writing Ghostbuster: Detecting text ghostwritten by large language models,

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T11:06:06.805823Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 42462c5d-4cd7-431f-9b99-05c144a05ad2 · outbound

This paper cites Raidar: generative ai detection via rewriting,.

Measuring Human Involvement in AI-Generated Text: A Case Study on Academic Writing Raidar: generative ai detection via rewriting,

Reference 16

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:06:09.941134Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 14a302ff-9b86-4cc4-bedf-194139d47d0b · outbound

This paper cites Classification of human-and ai-generated texts: Investigating features for chatgpt,.

Measuring Human Involvement in AI-Generated Text: A Case Study on Academic Writing Classification of human-and ai-generated texts: Investigating features for chatgpt,

Reference 17

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:06:09.806896Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation fafc8ad6-8642-4f8f-a6ec-20d4b38f8fea · outbound

This paper cites Origin Tracing and Detecting of LLMs.

Measuring Human Involvement in AI-Generated Text: A Case Study on Academic Writing Origin Tracing and Detecting of LLMs

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T11:06:06.864633Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4b65a5a7-72ce-486b-9647-106de366d684 · outbound

This paper cites How Close is ChatGPT to Human Experts? Comparison Corpus, Evaluation, and Detection.

Measuring Human Involvement in AI-Generated Text: A Case Study on Academic Writing How Close is ChatGPT to Human Experts? Comparison Corpus, Evaluation, and Detection

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T11:06:06.883739Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 1cffd695-ba69-4735-a1d5-b7eaa88dcf4a · outbound

This paper cites ArguGPT: evaluating, understanding and identifying argumentative essays generated by GPT models.

Measuring Human Involvement in AI-Generated Text: A Case Study on Academic Writing ArguGPT: evaluating, understanding and identifying argumentative essays generated by GPT models

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T11:06:07.085089Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation bcb1f3c6-a2cf-45d7-b128-ecc895deaebd · outbound

This paper cites GPT-Sentinel: Distinguishing Human and ChatGPT Generated Content.

Measuring Human Involvement in AI-Generated Text: A Case Study on Academic Writing GPT-Sentinel: Distinguishing Human and ChatGPT Generated Content

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T11:06:07.148119Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 3260bb70-ac0f-4547-9b56-9be2b6bf72bd · outbound

This paper cites Implementing BERT and fine-tuned RobertA to detect AI generated news by ChatGPT.

Measuring Human Involvement in AI-Generated Text: A Case Study on Academic Writing Implementing BERT and fine-tuned RobertA to detect AI generated news by ChatGPT

Reference 22

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-07T11:06:08.287770Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation d8a7266f-9416-498b-b70d-5fc09ef8a147 · outbound

This paper cites ConSERT: A contrastive framework for self-supervised sentence representation trans- fer,.

Measuring Human Involvement in AI-Generated Text: A Case Study on Academic Writing ConSERT: A contrastive framework for self-supervised sentence representation trans- fer,

Reference 23

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:06:09.712946Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation c079ee1f-4a60-4bf0-8912-53edcd45cdc0 · outbound

This paper cites SimCSE: Simple contrastive learning of sentence embeddings,.

Measuring Human Involvement in AI-Generated Text: A Case Study on Academic Writing SimCSE: Simple contrastive learning of sentence embeddings,

Reference 24

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:06:09.590643Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation ba49e045-b2c8-4a24-b2b3-34b4b6279ee6 · outbound

This paper cites Dual Contrastive Learning: Text Classification via Label-Aware Data Augmentation.

Measuring Human Involvement in AI-Generated Text: A Case Study on Academic Writing Dual Contrastive Learning: Text Classification via Label-Aware Data Augmentation

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T11:06:07.436235Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation efefee03-d6be-4f27-b29a-d7936c3158a2 · outbound

This paper cites On the detectability of ChatGPT content: Benchmarking, methodology, and evaluation through the lens of academic writing,.

Measuring Human Involvement in AI-Generated Text: A Case Study on Academic Writing On the detectability of ChatGPT content: Benchmarking, methodology, and evaluation through the lens of academic writing,

Reference 26

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:06:09.470399Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 2fa77461-967b-48d1-8d5a-2f3b48a033e9 · outbound

This paper cites RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approach.

Measuring Human Involvement in AI-Generated Text: A Case Study on Academic Writing RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approach

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T11:06:07.561792Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c8e38020-0871-416f-8c1b-d09e6f7cf625 · outbound

This paper cites BERT: Pre- training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding,.

Measuring Human Involvement in AI-Generated Text: A Case Study on Academic Writing BERT: Pre- training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding,

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T11:06:07.635630Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4b55038d-3901-49a4-9d31-befa57c87df2 · outbound

This paper cites Distinguishing fact from fiction: A benchmark dataset for identifying machine-generated scientific papers in the LLM era.

Measuring Human Involvement in AI-Generated Text: A Case Study on Academic Writing Distinguishing fact from fiction: A benchmark dataset for identifying machine-generated scientific papers in the LLM era

Reference 29

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:06:09.320543Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 1adf0b8f-5dbc-47d0-ae6f-24bb299c29aa · outbound

This paper cites Release Strategies and the Social Impacts of Language Models.

Measuring Human Involvement in AI-Generated Text: A Case Study on Academic Writing Release Strategies and the Social Impacts of Language Models

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T11:06:07.785788Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6ce75b5e-a5ca-475e-a184-a51962f00aea · outbound

This paper cites Machine- generated text-detection by fine-tuning of language models,.

Measuring Human Involvement in AI-Generated Text: A Case Study on Academic Writing Machine- generated text-detection by fine-tuning of language models,

Reference 31

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:06:09.148467Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation cb35711e-76a3-4280-807b-e546619c8110 · outbound

This paper cites Detectgpt: Zero-shot machine-generated text detection using probability curvature,.

Measuring Human Involvement in AI-Generated Text: A Case Study on Academic Writing Detectgpt: Zero-shot machine-generated text detection using probability curvature,

Reference 32

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:06:09.033479Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.