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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations

As of 19 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 100 of 118 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2505.17136.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2505.17136 v1

Coverage vector

measured 100 of 118 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T15:08:14.926693Z

measured 101 of 101 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T00:22:17.754742Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: pith, observed 2026-08-07T00:22:30.244854Z

Reference resolution

100 of 118 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact1
  • verified fuzzy14
  • unresolved85
  • parse uncertain0
  • malformed identifier0
  • metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 5f22403b-b485-40e8-aad0-1ded058c69d3 · outbound

This paper cites @esa (Ref.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations @esa (Ref

Reference 1

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Observation ab750113-0f8a-4aee-8f1e-597b7ef198e9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations Unresolved cited work

Reference 2

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Observation 6c0b6527-0f87-44a7-bdec-1cdfacff25ae · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations Unresolved cited work

Reference 3

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Reference 4

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Observation 3cbae6f4-b25d-4360-b3d0-e86dc2c8e894 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations Unresolved cited work

Reference 5

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source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T15:08:06.396420Z digest=sha256:71e259e968a2e753fd52ccfe6b30d04e7d0cce80399458fc033f591002db5572

Observation 772c4ac6-2bcc-4f8e-9b10-16db216a2aa6 · outbound

This paper cites Towards Reproducible LLM Evaluation: Quantifying Uncertainty in LLM Benchmark Scores.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations Towards Reproducible LLM Evaluation: Quantifying Uncertainty in LLM Benchmark Scores

Reference 6

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Observation 82969c8a-57b2-4582-a7a0-1f1021784007 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

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Observation fdcbecb3-df6b-42a0-bbe7-5f414beee321 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

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Observation 2a4bf516-a097-4769-91f8-15edfa6bb237 · outbound

This paper cites D., Dhariwal, P., Neelakantan, A., Shyam, P., Sastry, G., Askell, A., et al.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations D., Dhariwal, P., Neelakantan, A., Shyam, P., Sastry, G., Askell, A., et al

Reference 9

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Observation 6acc9213-8d6b-4801-afff-4c49948cfcb4 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations Unresolved cited work

Reference 10

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Observation 4aaacef5-0732-43d3-9cb8-c8ea966094ab · outbound

This paper cites and Romano, G.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations and Romano, G

Reference 11

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Observation 95007e04-a51e-436e-9f06-5b81a0f5c3a8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations Unresolved cited work

Reference 12

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Observation 04c7b69c-9acc-4d92-9384-b574682fe27d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations Unresolved cited work

Reference 13

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Observation 86a9dcbb-9462-4235-97a5-684b08f2237f · outbound

This paper cites G., Liu, D., Wang, S., Ouyang, J., and Yu, Q.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations G., Liu, D., Wang, S., Ouyang, J., and Yu, Q

Reference 14

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Observation 14a70227-dedb-4acf-8d17-058d03200e4f · outbound

This paper cites Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Code.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Code

Reference 15

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Observation 49926b72-87bd-4d69-afe6-d62933677a44 · outbound

This paper cites and Cohn, A.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations and Cohn, A

Reference 16

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Observation 1d72c5cf-1944-4ba5-9ff4-36816f7989d8 · outbound

This paper cites and Cohn, A.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations and Cohn, A

Reference 17

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Observation 2d796944-d598-46dd-952f-9cc2fd5590ad · outbound

This paper cites and Di Felice, P.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations and Di Felice, P

Reference 18

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Observation 2deda3c3-8c5a-4302-bc55-fcf83ba84189 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations Unresolved cited work

Reference 19

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Observation 8b4e45ad-1d69-4722-8744-8ae91c38c8ee · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations Unresolved cited work

Reference 20

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Observation cf55a0d3-cc2d-4bfb-b62a-2052af84327a · outbound

This paper cites An Evaluation of ChatGPT-4's Qualitative Spatial Reasoning Capabilities in RCC-8.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations An Evaluation of ChatGPT-4's Qualitative Spatial Reasoning Capabilities in RCC-8

Reference 21

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Observation 8faa0091-2b48-41be-8a76-4c785e56ca17 · outbound

This paper cites Can Large Language Models Reason about the Region Connection Calculus?.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations Can Large Language Models Reason about the Region Connection Calculus?

Reference 22

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Observation 1f9e493d-f368-412f-a4a9-f423085c0d70 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations Unresolved cited work

Reference 23

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Observation 1fec322d-ef90-4ed4-bce5-043a2f4b3469 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations Unresolved cited work

Reference 24

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Observation 3c39ff05-dc27-4795-82cd-3a5d395a57ef · outbound

This paper cites Dialectical language model evaluation: An initial appraisal of the commonsense spatial reasoning abilities of LLMs.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations Dialectical language model evaluation: An initial appraisal of the commonsense spatial reasoning abilities of LLMs

Reference 25

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Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations Unresolved cited work

Reference 26

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Observation 6a1038fb-1900-42b3-ab0e-24659518b317 · outbound

This paper cites G., and Randell, D.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations G., and Randell, D

Reference 27

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Observation 7e0f092f-e9ee-4e8b-97a8-ee8edb209e38 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations Unresolved cited work

Reference 28

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Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding

Reference 29

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Observation 197b23af-aebb-42c6-be17-c0101a707467 · outbound

This paper cites An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scale.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scale

Reference 30

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Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations Unresolved cited work

Reference 31

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Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations Unresolved cited work

Reference 32

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Observation ba463cf0-e3e7-4c58-9698-526944baf07d · outbound

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Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations Unresolved cited work

Reference 33

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Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations Unresolved cited work

Reference 34

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This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations Unresolved cited work

Reference 35

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This paper cites Core Building Blocks: Next Gen Geo Spatial GPT Application.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations Core Building Blocks: Next Gen Geo Spatial GPT Application

Reference 36

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Observation f199af93-1bd3-4372-88aa-a3ea1554ea00 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations Unresolved cited work

Reference 37

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Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations Unresolved cited work

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Observation 09b015b1-dd7c-433a-9919-96e1b3fa76f7 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

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Reference 39

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Observation ee4216e7-a66e-4a22-9a8a-4d6f2a9f5b74 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations Unresolved cited work

Reference 40

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Observation 8e7f2376-8598-47bf-9d51-6b918bfa3e2a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

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Reference 41

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Observation 8b61b919-ed17-4603-98b4-5026ba55aa8f · outbound

This paper cites and Goodchild, M.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations and Goodchild, M

Reference 42

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Observation 31e790ce-b45a-4bab-91f9-a00fe1785dd5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

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Reference 43

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Observation 7e6cb65c-3bc0-422f-9627-3d3541cf0a30 · outbound

This paper cites R., Hu, Y., Yang, J.-A., McKenzie, G., Ju, Y., Gong, L., Adams, B., and Yan, B.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations R., Hu, Y., Yang, J.-A., McKenzie, G., Ju, Y., Gong, L., Adams, B., and Yan, B

Reference 44

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Observation 30f1fb83-8091-469f-9521-d63c4bc7e680 · outbound

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Reference 45

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Observation 3b560310-655f-4f98-ba7e-d435824bb446 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

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Reference 46

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Observation 9ec9cd91-ab2e-48ed-a2b5-7e32cec454ac · outbound

This paper cites DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning

Reference 47

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Observation 25704a0b-f154-4180-8cea-230afaa35e41 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

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Reference 48

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Observation 89a01c54-43bf-44ef-8b15-9bd54c0137ad · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations Unresolved cited work

Reference 49

Resolution
unresolved
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

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Observation 424b1ddb-54a3-4f70-86ce-6c6443877149 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

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Reference 50

Resolution
unresolved
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

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Observation 2c840766-2915-4a13-a9b5-76c060d302c1 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations Unresolved cited work

Reference 51

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:08:26.270866Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

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Observation e53069cb-5ec0-4af5-bddf-75df112b779c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

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Reference 52

Resolution
unresolved
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

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Observation dec80a34-e93b-45d8-9c55-0c44ceb0a127 · outbound

This paper cites Z., and Joseph, K.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations Z., and Joseph, K

Reference 53

Resolution
verified fuzzy
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

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Observation 99f83016-4788-4049-b1e7-5d5cc892b5ed · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

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Reference 54

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source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T15:08:10.090567Z digest=sha256:48f8654ffb715a7035e41f95deebcb9f987bcb4df67a3a93703e53fee7a2ce00

Observation d59b86af-9fe3-4c19-916d-4ae7ca69bfc0 · outbound

This paper cites Foundation Models for Generalist Geospatial Artificial Intelligence.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations Foundation Models for Generalist Geospatial Artificial Intelligence

Reference 55

Resolution
unresolved
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source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T15:08:10.178711Z digest=sha256:9d550e4424acff30aee4a436b8c7f066cd409479e2593f6727651acaead282bc

Observation 2ddc7c38-0307-4241-bb58-a83e7901111b · outbound

This paper cites Philosophical Foundations of GeoAI: Exploring Sustainability, Diversity, and Bias in GeoAI and Spatial Data Science.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations Philosophical Foundations of GeoAI: Exploring Sustainability, Diversity, and Bias in GeoAI and Spatial Data Science

Reference 56

Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

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Observation 9f4cd612-0b33-4afb-bd4b-b01e11cc0488 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations Unresolved cited work

Reference 57

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:08:25.445568Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

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Observation 6b8112fb-304e-4198-8f37-d8359427b179 · outbound

This paper cites A., and Hitzler, P.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations A., and Hitzler, P

Reference 58

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verified fuzzy
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

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Observation 7d1cfdd1-b160-4e95-a05e-948f4e77aee2 · outbound

This paper cites and Gao, S.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations and Gao, S

Reference 59

Resolution
verified fuzzy
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

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Observation 8b43aec4-5007-4317-b80a-5775306c705c · outbound

This paper cites B., Abdelmoty, A.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations B., Abdelmoty, A

Reference 60

Resolution
verified fuzzy
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

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Observation 76961f4f-7b65-45d2-8cfe-b6076a9e741c · outbound

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Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations u chemann, S., Bannert, M., Dementieva, D., Fischer, F., Gasser, U., Groh, G., G \

Reference 61

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

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Reference 62

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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 1de3f2f0-37cd-4879-a159-052cafc191bb · outbound

This paper cites S., Reid, M., Matsuo, Y., and Iwasawa, Y.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations S., Reid, M., Matsuo, Y., and Iwasawa, Y

Reference 63

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Observation f1a511ad-8d5b-446c-8187-f3a10fb36f53 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

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Reference 64

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

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Observation 37b6b3d8-f98c-4d05-bfb5-fcf13070aa42 · outbound

This paper cites u ttler, H., Lewis, M., Yih, W.-t., Rockt \.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations u ttler, H., Lewis, M., Yih, W.-t., Rockt \

Reference 65

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Observation f3af6a53-1908-49a1-b49f-8a6c9be64890 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations Unresolved cited work

Reference 66

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:08:24.216233Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

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Observation 3c613605-3262-437a-8547-5d6dd25e9e95 · outbound

This paper cites and Ning, H.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations and Ning, H

Reference 67

Resolution
verified fuzzy
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

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Observation 699e4076-fe72-4249-81db-70e384d4cc59 · outbound

This paper cites An efficient framework for learning sentence representations.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations An efficient framework for learning sentence representations

Reference 68

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unresolved
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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

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Observation 1f9f1f0b-d26c-47f0-b28f-88558fe7edf2 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

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Reference 69

Resolution
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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:08:23.685586Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

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Observation 4e1e04c0-c1fb-4a0b-a9ea-367cedf9077d · outbound

This paper cites D., and Jones, C.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations D., and Jones, C

Reference 70

Resolution
verified fuzzy
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

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Observation 0eb4b0c0-955b-435d-bd62-32be66a11909 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations Unresolved cited work

Reference 71

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:08:23.219611Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

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Observation 75c62938-dc1a-4346-8b54-ba8d9f8f4f84 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations Unresolved cited work

Reference 72

Resolution
unresolved
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

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Observation 7168a216-0fb3-431c-a0cf-9c0dbcf2e43e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations Unresolved cited work

Reference 73

Resolution
unresolved
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

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Observation fef979a9-86d6-4310-96c2-3befa5407902 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations Unresolved cited work

Reference 74

Resolution
unresolved
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

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Observation c02e088e-92fc-483f-9168-17ee2270f0b4 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations Unresolved cited work

Reference 75

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:08:22.401349Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

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Observation 6c6591fe-618a-4c62-8f4e-cd494d8a3c28 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations Unresolved cited work

Reference 76

Resolution
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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:08:12.290852Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T15:08:12.290852Z digest=sha256:2c6f3f89bf931add4490e40cb37d8b9becb95aecb4d8454dd51a7df77e72275c

Observation d734da45-69a4-4073-9f19-4093b720d1d3 · outbound

This paper cites GeoLLM: Extracting Geospatial Knowledge from Large Language Models.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations GeoLLM: Extracting Geospatial Knowledge from Large Language Models

Reference 77

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:08:12.402866Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T15:08:12.402866Z digest=sha256:9ef5dd96b490f0ed456093d3125ff39d493e7471d12eaa69d80e4e27bb1e2eed

Observation 64b9cb00-0b37-47a3-95cd-9465cb8ca74d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations Unresolved cited work

Reference 78

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:08:22.254083Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

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Observation 687506ec-4a36-435e-9b4c-d5e6f2441154 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations Unresolved cited work

Reference 79

Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

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Observation 26bfd8fb-7f95-4ff1-ad71-76ea354e4c32 · outbound

This paper cites SGPT: GPT Sentence Embeddings for Semantic Search.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations SGPT: GPT Sentence Embeddings for Semantic Search

Reference 80

Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation a8e8a9d4-1922-4d77-95a5-6e66ef694d48 · outbound

This paper cites Text and Code Embeddings by Contrastive Pre-Training.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations Text and Code Embeddings by Contrastive Pre-Training

Reference 81

Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

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Observation 60473857-f866-445d-abfc-0a1be8c45a85 · outbound

This paper cites Introducing ChatGPT.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations Introducing ChatGPT

Reference 82

Resolution
verified fuzzy
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

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Observation a698de1c-cfee-4ca5-83de-2e117f0d4e8e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations Unresolved cited work

Reference 83

Resolution
unresolved
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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

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Observation f89a5921-0150-4882-9968-049f26d211b5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations Unresolved cited work

Reference 84

Resolution
unresolved
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

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Observation d950fc9d-4d37-4a0b-898d-ac0b226a197f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations Unresolved cited work

Reference 85

Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

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Observation cea4b8be-f8ee-4ae9-abd3-5956ca7cc324 · outbound

This paper cites A., Cui, Z., and Cohn, A.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations A., Cui, Z., and Cohn, A

Reference 86

Resolution
verified fuzzy
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

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Observation 6c3a2c77-af4b-4786-b6e7-404e8bc24f81 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations Unresolved cited work

Reference 87

Resolution
unresolved
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

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Observation 0893caf6-b289-49ad-a2df-330899174c65 · outbound

This paper cites Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks

Reference 88

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:08:13.482353Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T15:08:13.482353Z digest=sha256:596f626df96dad430915f7635ced22fbbb007184ddbe2f8bc88ac6e992baaecd

Observation a0063b23-42bf-474b-acbd-b12ed9323001 · outbound

This paper cites M., Egenhofer, M.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations M., Egenhofer, M

Reference 89

Resolution
verified fuzzy
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T15:08:13.604902Z digest=sha256:d3f6925841316305a5eef28179ae32d24f83b7af7ca623ea7f96d84f51683040

Observation 9053d9c4-2052-4d7b-98e5-0139e264bc2b · outbound

This paper cites and Nebel, B.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations and Nebel, B

Reference 90

Resolution
verified fuzzy
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

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Observation cf55c247-6911-4b2b-a3a0-d03ffedb4d0d · outbound

This paper cites and Urrutia, J.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations and Urrutia, J

Reference 91

Resolution
verified fuzzy
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

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Observation ff7147b0-c7d2-4a99-b506-38cded96df67 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations Unresolved cited work

Reference 92

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:08:20.741380Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

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Observation 3d4b624e-e8b1-4f92-b4b0-66e56fa3beeb · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations Unresolved cited work

Reference 93

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unresolved
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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T15:08:14.066034Z digest=sha256:e58de4f1729277de3e954deccf8a45a7ced5f8866793720259c4c1a8a98523ad

Observation ab2dafb7-0a0e-45da-84c6-f3f8cf0e1a8f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations Unresolved cited work

Reference 94

Resolution
unresolved
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T15:08:14.180217Z digest=sha256:886c43bab7750067cfa79239d7a62af61e644de07b9e8ebfce394387a74e4e4c

Observation 5413fe58-bd9b-45f8-90ca-480bf5d2d60c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations Unresolved cited work

Reference 95

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:08:20.535907Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T15:08:14.300146Z digest=sha256:780d879d259f0c6cf2440e9711231262b93a3809f604199ca40a114947a9eb78

Observation e8d59768-dd14-4cca-9fa4-44beba69acd4 · outbound

This paper cites and Xu, J.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations and Xu, J

Reference 96

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:08:20.368050Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T15:08:14.433911Z digest=sha256:7cc5983576dde6832fb0d4b72d1db787ce821458f973840ad8720a021adb7cdd

Observation 156a1312-6f1a-4de2-b2fa-d11ac4dadd0b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations Unresolved cited work

Reference 97

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:08:20.178863Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T15:08:14.542781Z digest=sha256:c0e6903178d7503e627a326f298b66488ac0b71e2517ec3bf291206e0fc4bd41

Observation 535a0452-68c5-46b2-9209-fdfc5e401a24 · outbound

This paper cites LaMDA: Language Models for Dialog Applications.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations LaMDA: Language Models for Dialog Applications

Reference 98

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:08:14.665059Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T15:08:14.665059Z digest=sha256:44537b319deb658fdd67e2361b23ee1cafb75b3b6e43aa038eec77895e11fe0d

Observation f94fe6c1-7762-4eb4-ae64-45bdcd247494 · outbound

This paper cites A systematic review of geospatial location embedding approaches in large language models: A path to spatial AI systems.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations A systematic review of geospatial location embedding approaches in large language models: A path to spatial AI systems

Reference 99

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:08:14.817980Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T15:08:14.817980Z digest=sha256:b72ec2d0d8200145e169da727eaf03517986da956ba72296560480cb0a0c4bf7

Observation 8580e36e-01db-456f-b10c-4b3a6a46faac · outbound

This paper cites O., Klippel, A., and Baldwin, T.

Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations O., Klippel, A., and Baldwin, T

Reference 100

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:08:20.052116Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T15:08:14.926693Z digest=sha256:9c78b943846ac7ce5ae96ec11e08f4686e28eb784ab752d39e0fd806c74cb85f

Pith citing papers

Observation 2775628f-428b-446a-bab6-b78a8014e4b4 · inbound

A Vision for Geo-Temporal Deep Research Systems: Towards Comprehensive, Transparent, and Reproducible Geo-Temporal Information Synthesis cites this paper.

A Vision for Geo-Temporal Deep Research Systems: Towards Comprehensive, Transparent, and Reproducible Geo-Temporal Information Synthesis Foundation Models for Geospatial Reasoning: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Understanding Geometries and Topological Spatial Relations

Reference 11

Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

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