Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

LLMs as mirrors of societal moral standards: reflection of cultural divergence and agreement across ethical topics

As of 17 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 33 of 33 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2412.00962.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2412.00962 v1

Coverage vector

measured 33 of 33 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-12T04:52:54.743867Z

measured 33 of 33 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

33 of 33 outbound references displayed

verified exact5
verified fuzzy2
unresolved26
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation eccd283c-b5f1-48e9-8d0d-192843d25559 · outbound

This paper cites URL: " 'urlintro :=.

LLMs as mirrors of societal moral standards: reflection of cultural divergence and agreement across ethical topics URL: " 'urlintro :=

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T04:52:54.631577Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 77b4a28e-1ead-473b-9c0c-1b83a62ca68b · outbound

This paper cites write newline.

LLMs as mirrors of societal moral standards: reflection of cultural divergence and agreement across ethical topics write newline

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T04:52:54.635584Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 535d2cd1-a384-4c65-bb42-e34df46e780d · outbound

This paper cites Probing Pre-Trained Language Models for Cross-Cultural Differences in Values.

LLMs as mirrors of societal moral standards: reflection of cultural divergence and agreement across ethical topics Probing Pre-Trained Language Models for Cross-Cultural Differences in Values

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T04:52:54.639206Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 411bb0f2-59a1-4632-b1c4-cd38c20fe538 · outbound

This paper cites Bender, Timnit Gebru, Angelina McMillan-Major, and Shmargaret Shmitchell.

LLMs as mirrors of societal moral standards: reflection of cultural divergence and agreement across ethical topics Bender, Timnit Gebru, Angelina McMillan-Major, and Shmargaret Shmitchell

Reference 4

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id_nonexistent, observed 2026-08-12T04:52:55.269104Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 159e7990-c22c-404c-a462-64543e107248 · outbound

This paper cites Assessing LLMs for Moral Value Pluralism.

LLMs as mirrors of societal moral standards: reflection of cultural divergence and agreement across ethical topics Assessing LLMs for Moral Value Pluralism

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T04:52:54.646700Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 50b25dc1-8170-4cc6-af57-f62a19939f90 · outbound

This paper cites Quantifying and Reducing Stereotypes in Word Embeddings.

LLMs as mirrors of societal moral standards: reflection of cultural divergence and agreement across ethical topics Quantifying and Reducing Stereotypes in Word Embeddings

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T04:52:54.650497Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 667449ee-faea-476e-b0f6-2b0efe2ac5ce · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

LLMs as mirrors of societal moral standards: reflection of cultural divergence and agreement across ethical topics Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T04:52:54.654583Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6aea6f3d-7fe7-4c84-8960-14e72dfddd3c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

LLMs as mirrors of societal moral standards: reflection of cultural divergence and agreement across ethical topics Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T04:52:54.657761Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9d573dc5-69db-46d6-b489-90b60fc773bb · outbound

This paper cites Bryson, and Arvind Narayanan.

LLMs as mirrors of societal moral standards: reflection of cultural divergence and agreement across ethical topics Bryson, and Arvind Narayanan

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T04:52:54.661373Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b0a35dbc-ef40-4ec2-a201-379cd376a48a · outbound

This paper cites Chinese Tiny LLM: Pretraining a Chinese-Centric Large Language Model.

LLMs as mirrors of societal moral standards: reflection of cultural divergence and agreement across ethical topics Chinese Tiny LLM: Pretraining a Chinese-Centric Large Language Model

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T04:52:54.664621Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7193bb17-815f-46ef-8075-3c30818c2cbc · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

LLMs as mirrors of societal moral standards: reflection of cultural divergence and agreement across ethical topics Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T04:52:54.668229Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f725fbd9-31ab-40f0-a031-88a4f6a836c4 · outbound

This paper cites Johnson, and Liane Zhang.

LLMs as mirrors of societal moral standards: reflection of cultural divergence and agreement across ethical topics Johnson, and Liane Zhang

Reference 12

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-12T04:52:54.822192Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 865b24a9-e4cb-4c1c-a8dd-ebb0c3f7b531 · outbound

This paper cites Haerpfer, Patrick Bernhagen, Ronald F.

LLMs as mirrors of societal moral standards: reflection of cultural divergence and agreement across ethical topics Haerpfer, Patrick Bernhagen, Ronald F

Reference 13

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T04:52:55.301092Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 430faa59-b503-4c67-ad57-1bc148eea7da · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

LLMs as mirrors of societal moral standards: reflection of cultural divergence and agreement across ethical topics Unresolved cited work

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T04:52:54.677970Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 93ebdbf8-040f-455e-aef5-f929c672ef77 · outbound

This paper cites The Ghost in the Machine has an American accent: value conflict in GPT-3.

LLMs as mirrors of societal moral standards: reflection of cultural divergence and agreement across ethical topics The Ghost in the Machine has an American accent: value conflict in GPT-3

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T04:52:54.681300Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c99684a2-fd73-40eb-8537-67bb80028db6 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

LLMs as mirrors of societal moral standards: reflection of cultural divergence and agreement across ethical topics Unresolved cited work

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T04:52:54.684810Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 22582323-f8e0-4666-8ebe-9a49162f23bb · outbound

This paper cites How Well Do LLMs Represent Values Across Cultures? Empirical Analysis of LLM Responses Based on Hofstede Cultural Dimensions.

LLMs as mirrors of societal moral standards: reflection of cultural divergence and agreement across ethical topics How Well Do LLMs Represent Values Across Cultures? Empirical Analysis of LLM Responses Based on Hofstede Cultural Dimensions

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T04:52:54.688554Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7eb0886e-3931-42fd-9d3f-8156b9798a46 · outbound

This paper cites Pairwise Adjusted Mutual Information.

LLMs as mirrors of societal moral standards: reflection of cultural divergence and agreement across ethical topics Pairwise Adjusted Mutual Information

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T04:52:54.692656Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 98a780df-087b-4975-8f7f-d13b1771f072 · outbound

This paper cites BLOOM: A 176B-Parameter Open-Access Multilingual Language Model.

LLMs as mirrors of societal moral standards: reflection of cultural divergence and agreement across ethical topics BLOOM: A 176B-Parameter Open-Access Multilingual Language Model

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T04:52:54.696386Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 26f39718-0540-4728-8718-a1780b0a7748 · outbound

This paper cites Are Multilingual LLMs Culturally-Diverse Reasoners? An Investigation into Multicultural Proverbs and Sayings.

LLMs as mirrors of societal moral standards: reflection of cultural divergence and agreement across ethical topics Are Multilingual LLMs Culturally-Diverse Reasoners? An Investigation into Multicultural Proverbs and Sayings

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T04:52:54.700533Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d193d72a-ddc7-4ca7-8065-3ffa831a07a9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

LLMs as mirrors of societal moral standards: reflection of cultural divergence and agreement across ethical topics Unresolved cited work

Reference 21

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-12T04:52:54.804721Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 0d9c3727-6b08-4efb-be1e-e96c1848d351 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

LLMs as mirrors of societal moral standards: reflection of cultural divergence and agreement across ethical topics Unresolved cited work

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T04:52:54.707348Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 588cac00-43cf-4ade-b0d2-4bc0d4dd9221 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

LLMs as mirrors of societal moral standards: reflection of cultural divergence and agreement across ethical topics Unresolved cited work

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T04:52:55.292370Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 60d9f76a-9411-407d-833c-0bd72da14141 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

LLMs as mirrors of societal moral standards: reflection of cultural divergence and agreement across ethical topics Unresolved cited work

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T04:52:54.713552Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1552ec27-e715-4005-90ad-73ba1c8be0df · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

LLMs as mirrors of societal moral standards: reflection of cultural divergence and agreement across ethical topics Unresolved cited work

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T04:52:54.716764Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1e998667-89bd-4f23-99ba-95e38d0aa4b0 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

LLMs as mirrors of societal moral standards: reflection of cultural divergence and agreement across ethical topics Unresolved cited work

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T04:52:54.720022Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ceb518d9-c898-4d34-b946-2153c70ad059 · outbound

This paper cites Knowledge of cultural moral norms in large language models.

LLMs as mirrors of societal moral standards: reflection of cultural divergence and agreement across ethical topics Knowledge of cultural moral norms in large language models

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T04:52:54.723128Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 852620a2-708f-4502-a16f-c17d855f2a7f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

LLMs as mirrors of societal moral standards: reflection of cultural divergence and agreement across ethical topics Unresolved cited work

Reference 28

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-12T04:52:54.788504Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 16b5f3a5-c4f6-4442-af6a-44b41e55e4c0 · outbound

This paper cites big three.

LLMs as mirrors of societal moral standards: reflection of cultural divergence and agreement across ethical topics big three

Reference 29

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T04:52:55.278732Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation a30c48dc-969c-4a2e-9741-d2e58f73b2dc · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

LLMs as mirrors of societal moral standards: reflection of cultural divergence and agreement across ethical topics Unresolved cited work

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T04:52:54.733633Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a6d3ac50-fe8a-4cdb-b996-5d7a684767b2 · outbound

This paper cites OPT: Open Pre-trained Transformer Language Models.

LLMs as mirrors of societal moral standards: reflection of cultural divergence and agreement across ethical topics OPT: Open Pre-trained Transformer Language Models

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T04:52:54.736956Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e84c24e2-7a04-48ca-b3be-699f8a84da88 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

LLMs as mirrors of societal moral standards: reflection of cultural divergence and agreement across ethical topics Unresolved cited work

Reference 32

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-12T04:52:54.775130Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 89c2fe60-9e96-4fe3-9d60-3a8038783868 · outbound

This paper cites Diversity and Inclusion in Artificial Intelligence.

LLMs as mirrors of societal moral standards: reflection of cultural divergence and agreement across ethical topics Diversity and Inclusion in Artificial Intelligence

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T04:52:54.743867Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.