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arxiv: 2606.19293 · v1 · pith:S6OJJUMMnew · submitted 2026-06-17 · ✦ hep-ph · hep-ex

The Z'-boson of the B-L Supersymmetric Standard Model and its Large Hadron Collider Searches

Waleed Abdallah , AseshKrishna Datta , Stefano Moretti This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-06-26 20:07 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification ✦ hep-ph hep-ex
keywords Z' bosonB-L Supersymmetric Standard ModelBLSSMLHC resonance searchesleptophobiaprecision constraintssupersymmetry
0
0 comments X

The pith

The Z' boson in the B-L Supersymmetric Standard Model can have a mass as low as 2.24 TeV while evading the standard LHC lower bound of around 5 TeV.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper shows how the Z' boson of the BLSSM can slip below the usual LHC mass limits through a combination of increased width, leptophobia, and large branching ratios into BLSSM-specific states including supersymmetric particles. These features impair experimental sensitivity without violating LEP and SLC precision constraints at the Z pole or existing LHC resonance searches. A parameter space scan identifies viable regions where all these effects operate together or separately.

Core claim

The Z'-boson of the BLSSM could evade the current lower bound of around 5 TeV on the mass of such a resonance from the LHC by a significant margin when it becomes fat or develops leptophobia or possesses an optimally large decay branching ratio to BLSSM-specific states or when some or all of these are at play simultaneously, while still respecting the non-negotiable precision constraints from the LEP and the SLC experiments as well as those from the LHC.

What carries the argument

The Z' boson acquiring a large total width, leptophobia, or large branching ratios to BLSSM states (including SUSY particles) while satisfying precision electroweak constraints.

If this is right

  • Standard sequential Z' mass limits do not directly apply to the BLSSM because of its distinct decay and width properties.
  • LHC searches must incorporate model-specific branching ratios and widths to set reliable bounds on BLSSM Z' states.
  • Precision data from LEP/SLC remain compatible with these lighter Z' masses when the new features are present.
  • The allowed mass window extends down to 2.24 TeV only in specific corners of parameter space identified by the scan.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • Similar evasion mechanisms could appear in other supersymmetric or extended gauge models with additional decay channels.
  • Reinterpretation of existing LHC resonance searches in terms of variable width and exotic branching ratios would be needed to test these regions.
  • Future high-luminosity LHC data might close the window by improving sensitivity to non-standard final states.

Load-bearing premise

The BLSSM parameter space contains regions where the Z' can develop enough width, leptophobia, or large branching ratios to new states to impair LHC sensitivity without violating LEP/SLC or LHC limits.

What would settle it

An LHC analysis targeting broad resonances or decays to supersymmetric final states that excludes a Z' signal in the 2.2-3 TeV range under the BLSSM decay patterns described would rule out the low-mass windows.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2606.19293 by AseshKrishna Datta, Stefano Moretti, Waleed Abdallah.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: FIG. 1. Contours of fixed values of [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p018_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: FIG. 2. Contours of [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p021_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: , again for demonstration purposes. These are generated by a random scan of the BLSSM parameter space and simulating the LHC search of Ref. [20] for the Z ′ -boson (with ΓZ′ as predicted by the BLSSM scenario) in the dilepton final state at the 13 TeV LHC and for 150 fb−1 of data. The grey regions are ruled out at 2σ-level, where σ = 2(√ S + B − √ B), following Poissonian statistics, which is appropriate f… view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: FIG. 4. Variations of the ratios of various partial widths of the [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p024_4.png] view at source ↗
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: FIG. 5. Differential (cross section) distributions in [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p027_5.png] view at source ↗
Figure 6
Figure 6. Figure 6: FIG. 6. Variations of the fiducial dilepton cross sections for [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p028_6.png] view at source ↗
Figure 7
Figure 7. Figure 7: FIG. 7. Scatter plots in the left (right) column showing variations of the fiducial (total) cross [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p031_7.png] view at source ↗
Figure 8
Figure 8. Figure 8: FIG. 8. Scatter plot in the [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p035_8.png] view at source ↗
Figure 9
Figure 9. Figure 9: FIG. 9. Ternary scatter plots showing various BRs of the [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p036_9.png] view at source ↗
Figure 10
Figure 10. Figure 10: FIG. 10. Variations of dilepton (the left column) and [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p038_10.png] view at source ↗
Figure 11
Figure 11. Figure 11: FIG. 11. Scatter plots showing dilepton (the left column) and [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p041_11.png] view at source ↗
Figure 12
Figure 12. Figure 12: FIG. 12. Left: Scatter plot in the plane of pure BLSSM (i.e., only [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p042_12.png] view at source ↗
Figure 13
Figure 13. Figure 13: FIG. 13. Ternary scatter plots showing the sharing of the BRs of the [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p045_13.png] view at source ↗
read the original abstract

We discuss how the $Z'$-boson of the $B-L$ Supersymmetric (SUSY) Standard Model (BLSSM) could evade the current lower bound of around 5 TeV on the mass of such a resonance (of sequential nature) from the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) by a significant margin. This happens when the experimental sensitivities are critically impaired as the $Z'$-boson becomes `fat' or develops some leptophobia or possesses an optimally large decay Branching Ratio (BR) to BLSSM-specific states (including the SUSY ones) or when some or all of these are at play simultaneously. We describe how such a $Z'$-boson could acquire there features while still respecting the non-negotiable precision constraints from the LEP and the SLC experiments running at the $Z$-pole as well as those from the multi-purpose experiments at the LHC that search for such a resonance. We explore the interplay of the aforementioned phenomena and identify the regions of the BLSSM parameter space that give rise to the described situation by carrying out a thorough scan of it. We find that $M_{Z'}$ masses as low as 2.24 TeV may still be allowed in the BLSSM under favorable circumstances.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

1 major / 0 minor

Summary. The manuscript claims that the Z' boson in the B-L Supersymmetric Standard Model (BLSSM) can evade the LHC lower mass bound of ~5 TeV for sequential Z' resonances, with viable masses as low as 2.24 TeV. This occurs when the Z' develops a large width, leptophobia, or large branching ratios to BLSSM-specific states (including SUSY particles), or combinations thereof, while still satisfying LEP/SLC precision constraints at the Z-pole and existing LHC search limits. The authors identify such regions via a thorough parameter scan of the BLSSM, exploiting the model's B-L charges and possible kinetic mixing to adjust couplings.

Significance. If the scan results are robust, the finding would be significant for LHC Z' searches, as it shows that model-specific decay properties in the BLSSM can relax standard mass bounds by a substantial margin. The use of an exhaustive parameter scan to map viable regions is a strength, providing concrete, falsifiable examples of evasion mechanisms grounded in the BLSSM structure.

major comments (1)
  1. [parameter scan / results section] The section describing the parameter scan: the abstract and results claim a thorough scan identifies M_Z' down to 2.24 TeV under favorable conditions, but provide no details on the scanned parameter ranges, the precise implementation of LEP/SLC precision constraints, the quantification of width/leptophobia/BR effects, or the criteria used to enforce LHC limits. This information is load-bearing for the central claim that such low masses remain allowed.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

1 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for their detailed review and for highlighting the need for greater transparency in our parameter scan. We agree that the requested methodological details are essential to substantiate the central claim and will incorporate them in the revised manuscript.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: [parameter scan / results section] The section describing the parameter scan: the abstract and results claim a thorough scan identifies M_Z' down to 2.24 TeV under favorable conditions, but provide no details on the scanned parameter ranges, the precise implementation of LEP/SLC precision constraints, the quantification of width/leptophobia/BR effects, or the criteria used to enforce LHC limits. This information is load-bearing for the central claim that such low masses remain allowed.

    Authors: We agree that the current manuscript lacks sufficient detail on the scan methodology. In the revision we will add an expanded subsection (or appendix) specifying: (i) the full ranges and sampling method for all scanned parameters, including the B-L gauge coupling, kinetic mixing angle, soft-breaking terms, and Higgs vevs; (ii) the precise LEP/SLC implementation via the full set of Z-pole observables (e.g., partial widths, asymmetries, and effective couplings) with the corresponding χ^{2} or allowed-region criteria; (iii) explicit formulas and numerical procedures used to compute the Z' total width, the degree of leptophobia (via adjusted couplings), and branching ratios to BLSSM-specific final states (including SUSY particles); and (iv) the exact LHC search channels, efficiency maps, and limit-application criteria employed to enforce the bounds. These additions will render the scan fully reproducible and directly address the load-bearing nature of the results. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No significant circularity in parameter scan

full rationale

The paper's central result—that M_Z' as low as 2.24 TeV can remain allowed—arises from a parameter scan over BLSSM inputs (B-L charges, kinetic mixing, SUSY parameters) subject to external LEP/SLC precision data and LHC search limits. No derivation reduces a claimed prediction to a fitted quantity by construction, nor does any load-bearing step rely on self-citation chains or imported uniqueness theorems. The model structure permits the required width/leptophobia/BR adjustments, and the scan simply maps the resulting allowed regions; this is self-contained against external benchmarks with no internal reduction to the inputs.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 0 axioms · 0 invented entities

Abstract only; no explicit free parameters, axioms, or invented entities are listed or derivable from the provided text.

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discussion (0)

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Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

100 extracted references · 51 linked inside Pith

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    5 1 1 . 5 2 2 . 5 3 3 . 5 4 4 . 5 5 σ(pp → ℓ+ℓ− ) (pb) MZ′ (TeV) gY B = −0. 3, g BY = 0. 005 Z ′ ∆ BLSSM = (Z ′+ Z + γ∗) − (Z + γ∗) ΓZ′/M Z′ = 3% ΓZ′ /M Z′ = 10% SSM: θ′ = 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 ΓZ′ /M Z′(%) 10− 5 10− 4 10− 3 10− 2 10− 1 100 101

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    5 1 1 . 5 2 2 . 5 3 3 . 5 4 4 . 5 5 σ(pp → W +W − ) (pb) MZ′ (TeV) Expected ±2σ Expected ±1σ Expected limit Observed limit gY B = −0. 3, g BY = 0. 005 HVT, gV = 1 SSM: θ′ = 0. 0026 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Γ Z′ /M Z′(%) FIG. 6. Variations of the fiducial dilepton cross sections forpp→ℓ +ℓ−,ℓ≡e, µ, withM ℓ+ℓ− > MZ′ −2Γ Z′ (left) and the total cross s...

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    5 1 1 . 5 2 2 . 5 3 3 . 5 4 4 . 5 5 σ(pp → ℓ+ℓ− ) (pb) MZ′ (TeV) ΓZ′ /M Z′ = 3% ΓZ′ /M Z′ = 10% SSM: θ′ = 0 10− 4 10− 3 10− 2 10− 1 100 101

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    5 1 1 . 5 2 2 . 5 3 3 . 5 4 4 . 5 5 σ(pp → W +W − ) (pb) MZ′ (TeV) Expected ±2σ Expected ±1σ Expected limit Observed limit gBL = 0. 5, g BY = 0, g Y B = −0. 5 gBY = 0. 001, g Y B = −0. 5 gBY = 0. 001, g Y B = −0. 8 gBY = 0. 001, g Y B = −1. 0 gBY = 0. 002, g Y B = 0 gBY = 0. 005, g Y B = 0 SSM: θ′ = 0. 0026 HVT, gV = 1 10− 7 10− 6 10− 5 10− 4 10− 3 10− 2 ...

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    5 1 1 . 5 2 2 . 5 3 3 . 5 4 4 . 5 5 σ(pp → ℓ+ℓ− ) (pb) MZ′ (TeV) ΓZ′/M Z′ = 3% ΓZ′ /M Z′ = 10% SSM: θ′ = 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 ΓZ′ /M Z′(%) 10− 4 10− 3 10− 2 10− 1 100 101

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    5 1 1 . 5 2 2 . 5 3 3 . 5 4 4 . 5 5 σ(pp → W +W − ) (pb) MZ′ (TeV) Expected ±2σ Expected ±1σ Expected limit Observed limit HVT, gV = 1 SSM: θ′ = 0. 0026 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Γ Z′ /M Z′(%) 10− 7 10− 6 10− 5 10− 4 10− 3 10− 2 10− 1 100 101

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    01 θ′ (radian) 10− 4 10− 3 10− 2 10− 1 100 101

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    01 θ′ (radian) FIG. 7. Scatter plots in the left (right) column showing variations of the fiducial (total) cross sections for the dilepton (W+W −) final states at the 13 TeV LHC, as functions ofMZ′, and are generated by scanning overg BL ∈[0.2,0.8], andv ′ ∈[2TeV,25TeV], for various representative combinations of values forgBY andg Y B (presented in diffe...

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    5 5 MZ′ (TeV) FIG. 8. Scatter plot in theΓZ′ MZ′–θ′ plane withM Z′ in the color palette. BLSSM-specific coupling parameters over the following ranges:gBL ∈[0.2.0.8],g BY ∈[−0.005,0.005]andg Y B ∈[−0.5,0.5]. Also,v ′ is varied over the rangev ′ ∈[2TeV,25TeV]. The points satisfy the somewhat weaker bound of Eq. (22) obtained from the global fit of the obliq...

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    005 θ′ (radian) FIG. 11. Scatter plots showing dilepton (the left column) andW+W − (the right column) cross sections againstM Z′, with the color palettes presentingΓZ′ MZ′ (top panel), BR[Z′ →SUSY states] (middle panel) andθ′ (bottom panel), forµ, µ′ < M1, M2, and contrasting them with the respective experimental upper bounds. Points in grey in the left (...

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    5 1 1 . 5 2 2 . 5 3 3 . 5 4 4 . 5 5 σ(pp → ℓ+ℓ−) (pb) MZ′ (TeV) ΓZ′/M Z′ = 3% ΓZ′ /M Z′ = 10% −100 −50 0 50 100 ∆(%) FIG. 12. Left: Scatter plot in the plane of pure BLSSM (i.e., onlyZ′-mediated) contribution to the cross sections for the dilepton production at the 13 TeV LHC (horizontal axis) and the same contribution plus the one arising from the interf...

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    Couplings of theZ′-boson to various neutral (CP-even (H) andCP-odd (A)) physical Higgs states of the BLSSM. •Couplings of theZ ′-boson toZ-boson andH i Z ′-Z-H i : Z ′ZH i :− 1 4 n g1sθW +g 2cθW 2 −g 2 Y B o s2θ′ + 2gY B g1sθW +g 2cθW c2θ′ v1Z H i1 +v 2Z H i2 + h g2 BL −g 2 BY s2 θW s2θ′ −2g BL gBY sθW c2θ′ i v′ 1Z H i3 +v ′ 2Z H i4 ,(A.1) where,Z H ij (i...

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