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Tetraquarks made of sufficiently unequal-mass heavy quarks are bound in QCD

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arxiv 2311.01498 v3 pith:WKISFV3J submitted 2023-11-02 hep-ph hep-lat

Benoît Assi , Michael L. Wagman This is my paper · ORCID
classification hep-phhep-lat
keywords boundtetraquarksmassquarksantiquarkscolorcomposedevidence
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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Tetraquarks, bound states composed of two quarks and two antiquarks, have been the subject of intense study but are challenging to understand from first principles. We apply variational and Green's function Monte Carlo methods to compute tetraquark ground-state energies in potential nonrelativistic QCD using a wide range of color and spatial wavefunctions. We find no evidence for bound tetraquarks composed of equal-mass quarks and antiquarks. Conversely, we find clear evidence for the existence of bound tetraquarks for sufficiently unequal quark/antiquark mass ratios at all overall mass scales where our effective theory results are applicable. We predict the critical mass ratios for bound state formation and study tetraquark bound states' spatial and color structure at leading order and next-to-leading order in potential nonrelativistic QCD.

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Cited by 3 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Renormalon subtracted nonrelativistic QCD for heavy hadron systems

    hep-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.5 of 10

    MRS-pNRQCD plus GFMC stabilizes heavy-hadron spectroscopy; NNLO baryon masses undershoot lattice QCD by 125–175 MeV with 1/m_Q scaling, and a critical mass ratio for tetraquark binding is extracted.

  2. Trilepton and tetralepton bound and resonant states: the QED counterpart of multiquark states

    hep-ph 2025-01 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    S-wave calculations predict bound and resonant states in trilepton and tetralepton systems made of electrons and muons, including the first muon-containing tetralepton resonances.

  3. Lattice perspectives on doubly heavy tetraquarks

    hep-lat 2025-02 accept novelty 1.0 of 10

    A review of lattice QCD results concludes that doubly heavy tetraquarks Tbb(ud/us) are firmly predicted as bound states, Tcc appears as a virtual state at nonphysical masses, and Tbc is under active study.

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