Dynamical behavior of spatially inhomogeneous relativistic λ φ⁴ quantum field theory in the Hartree approximation

We study the dynamics of a spatially inhomogeneous quantum $\lambda \phi^4$ field theory in 1+1 dimensions in the Hartree approximation. In particular, we investigate the long-time behavior of this approximation in a variety of controlled situations, both at zero and finite temperature. The observed behavior is much richer than that in the spatially homogeneous case. Nevertheless, we show that the fields fail to thermalize in a canonical sense, as expected from analogous results in closely related (mean field) transport theory. We argue that this dynamical approximation is best suited as a means to study the short-time decay of spatially inhomogeneous fields and in the dynamics of coherent quasi-classical inhomogeneous configurations (e.g. solitons) in a background of dynamical self-consistent quantum fluctuations.