Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Comparing RAG and GraphRAG for Page-Level Retrieval Question Answering on a Math Textbook

As of 9 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 30 of 30 outbound references and 2 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2509.16780.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2509.16780 v3

Coverage vector

measured 30 of 30 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-04T16:07:36.246744Z

measured 32 of 32 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00

measured 2 of 2 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-06-26T15:13:56.862693Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-07-04T10:09:44.101661Z

Reference resolution

30 of 30 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy0
unresolved30
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation d390ce94-e862-4d9a-9bec-4a753a8f989e · outbound

This paper cites Advances in neural information processing systems33, 1877–1901 (2020).

Comparing RAG and GraphRAG for Page-Level Retrieval Question Answering on a Math Textbook Advances in neural information processing systems33, 1877–1901 (2020)

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:07:33.173219Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0c72247c-840d-456a-bca7-d04307f9f39c · outbound

This paper cites A Systematic Review on Prompt Engineering in Large Language Models for K-12 STEM Education.

Comparing RAG and GraphRAG for Page-Level Retrieval Question Answering on a Math Textbook A Systematic Review on Prompt Engineering in Large Language Models for K-12 STEM Education

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:07:33.243032Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4ab01753-1a31-437a-9d7f-e74e5d0a3292 · outbound

This paper cites Expert systems with applications141, 112948 (2020).

Comparing RAG and GraphRAG for Page-Level Retrieval Question Answering on a Math Textbook Expert systems with applications141, 112948 (2020)

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:07:33.287721Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation cc5aae19-a7f8-4880-88a1-1dba1104cf66 · outbound

This paper cites In: Rogers, A., Boyd-Graber, J., Okazaki, N.

Comparing RAG and GraphRAG for Page-Level Retrieval Question Answering on a Math Textbook In: Rogers, A., Boyd-Graber, J., Okazaki, N

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:07:33.381389Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 98687f92-ade6-446b-833b-36c7c4583600 · outbound

This paper cites Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence7, 100299 (2024).

Comparing RAG and GraphRAG for Page-Level Retrieval Question Answering on a Math Textbook Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence7, 100299 (2024)

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:07:33.457096Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4c059c80-c10b-4cc4-918d-125b8b3528be · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Comparing RAG and GraphRAG for Page-Level Retrieval Question Answering on a Math Textbook Unresolved cited work

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:07:33.568075Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 42c59075-f08f-4f95-998d-dcafde9c8519 · outbound

This paper cites https://huggingface.co/spaces/mteb/leaderboard (2025), [Accessed 20-12-2024].

Comparing RAG and GraphRAG for Page-Level Retrieval Question Answering on a Math Textbook https://huggingface.co/spaces/mteb/leaderboard (2025), [Accessed 20-12-2024]

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:07:33.665464Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 31038f60-43f0-4a0f-bed3-4b0a60c9c270 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Comparing RAG and GraphRAG for Page-Level Retrieval Question Answering on a Math Textbook Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:07:33.744600Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 48be2722-66fe-4257-a33f-e64f9979e44f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Comparing RAG and GraphRAG for Page-Level Retrieval Question Answering on a Math Textbook Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:07:33.850018Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2f5ebc7d-2340-4ecc-931b-fec27a2ff745 · outbound

This paper cites In: International Conference on Theory and Practice of Digital Libraries.

Comparing RAG and GraphRAG for Page-Level Retrieval Question Answering on a Math Textbook In: International Conference on Theory and Practice of Digital Libraries

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:07:33.959235Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 65bab617-f27d-4bc3-a992-30497bdf45e5 · outbound

This paper cites Lagrangian cuts generated by batch to efficiently solve two-stage stochastic mixed-integer program.

Comparing RAG and GraphRAG for Page-Level Retrieval Question Answering on a Math Textbook Lagrangian cuts generated by batch to efficiently solve two-stage stochastic mixed-integer program

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:07:34.016472Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2934fa96-8dd7-466c-b3a1-d89a20195489 · outbound

This paper cites Improving Assessment of Tutoring Practices using Retrieval-Augmented Generation.

Comparing RAG and GraphRAG for Page-Level Retrieval Question Answering on a Math Textbook Improving Assessment of Tutoring Practices using Retrieval-Augmented Generation

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:07:34.134528Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation cb715410-02cb-4a69-a5ac-91c4dc550710 · outbound

This paper cites Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems37, 132876–132907 (2024).

Comparing RAG and GraphRAG for Page-Level Retrieval Question Answering on a Math Textbook Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems37, 132876–132907 (2024)

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:07:34.232165Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation bd241af8-62b5-4e3e-9dce-97264d451502 · outbound

This paper cites In: 25th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED).

Comparing RAG and GraphRAG for Page-Level Retrieval Question Answering on a Math Textbook In: 25th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED)

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:07:34.356685Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5cfbfc78-7093-4ff0-bc4b-5fa9a90e4f2d · outbound

This paper cites ACM computing surveys55(12), 1–38 (2023).

Comparing RAG and GraphRAG for Page-Level Retrieval Question Answering on a Math Textbook ACM computing surveys55(12), 1–38 (2023)

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:07:34.462916Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e56c7fb9-d5cd-4dbb-b64d-cf99e16ab550 · outbound

This paper cites In: 12th ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale (L@S).

Comparing RAG and GraphRAG for Page-Level Retrieval Question Answering on a Math Textbook In: 12th ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale (L@S)

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:07:34.545786Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 51f1ed4b-e1ee-48db-9a56-3440a82ac973 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Comparing RAG and GraphRAG for Page-Level Retrieval Question Answering on a Math Textbook Unresolved cited work

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:07:34.662391Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ea690c32-b6ac-40a4-840a-3d8694bbbc57 · outbound

This paper cites In: 7th Inter- national Conference on Educational Technology Management.

Comparing RAG and GraphRAG for Page-Level Retrieval Question Answering on a Math Textbook In: 7th Inter- national Conference on Educational Technology Management

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:07:34.784353Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1d16659e-22ac-4134-a950-b56f8b8cbc72 · outbound

This paper cites In: Thirty-Eighth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-24) (2024).

Comparing RAG and GraphRAG for Page-Level Retrieval Question Answering on a Math Textbook In: Thirty-Eighth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-24) (2024)

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:07:34.946436Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 090c34d7-4824-47a3-a504-6d91ae3c335a · outbound

This paper cites In: European conference on technology enhanced learning.

Comparing RAG and GraphRAG for Page-Level Retrieval Question Answering on a Math Textbook In: European conference on technology enhanced learning

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:07:35.127181Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b66e87a5-7585-4039-a5b8-75b417bd2a9a · outbound

This paper cites MTEB: Massive Text Embedding Benchmark.

Comparing RAG and GraphRAG for Page-Level Retrieval Question Answering on a Math Textbook MTEB: Massive Text Embedding Benchmark

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:07:35.297362Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 94edda4c-1930-4d56-a1df-a9c5219c6a22 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Comparing RAG and GraphRAG for Page-Level Retrieval Question Answering on a Math Textbook Unresolved cited work

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:07:35.467102Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation fbfb7e9f-22f3-4df4-a113-f8df868dab62 · outbound

This paper cites In: European conference on technology enhanced learning.

Comparing RAG and GraphRAG for Page-Level Retrieval Question Answering on a Math Textbook In: European conference on technology enhanced learning

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:07:35.563088Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a0763777-a83a-4be2-9dbb-7ee740073d54 · outbound

This paper cites https://platform.openai.com/docs/guides/vision (2024), [Accessed 20-02-2025].

Comparing RAG and GraphRAG for Page-Level Retrieval Question Answering on a Math Textbook https://platform.openai.com/docs/guides/vision (2024), [Accessed 20-02-2025]

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:07:35.636692Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e327cc0d-ea4b-4258-9469-1450cc3dad0d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Comparing RAG and GraphRAG for Page-Level Retrieval Question Answering on a Math Textbook Unresolved cited work

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:07:35.729428Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3b1e764e-1866-4f5e-9f07-666e2cc8a03f · outbound

This paper cites In: 42nd ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI).

Comparing RAG and GraphRAG for Page-Level Retrieval Question Answering on a Math Textbook In: 42nd ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI)

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:07:35.803892Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d654d567-a8f8-491b-9de4-e1adedd87e80 · outbound

This paper cites In: International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education.

Comparing RAG and GraphRAG for Page-Level Retrieval Question Answering on a Math Textbook In: International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:07:35.913426Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 13d2656b-b2b8-45f1-b1a6-4d535ebdeef4 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Comparing RAG and GraphRAG for Page-Level Retrieval Question Answering on a Math Textbook Unresolved cited work

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:07:36.061858Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a51ef9c9-ee75-447d-9dd1-8f2d07d9d9af · outbound

This paper cites ACM Computing Surveys (2025), forthcoming.

Comparing RAG and GraphRAG for Page-Level Retrieval Question Answering on a Math Textbook ACM Computing Surveys (2025), forthcoming

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:07:36.135292Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 23bb4995-c844-4893-88c2-e8546c1f48a4 · outbound

This paper cites In: 25th In- ternational Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education.

Comparing RAG and GraphRAG for Page-Level Retrieval Question Answering on a Math Textbook In: 25th In- ternational Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T16:07:36.246744Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

Observation d3d825a1-4759-49bd-bac9-77e9cb180f57 · inbound

AI Economist Agent: An Agentic Framework for Model-Grounded Economic Analysis with RAG, Knowledge Graphs, and Large Language Models cites this paper.

AI Economist Agent: An Agentic Framework for Model-Grounded Economic Analysis with RAG, Knowledge Graphs, and Large Language Models Comparing RAG and GraphRAG for Page-Level Retrieval Question Answering on a Math Textbook

Reference 1

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-29T02:25:09.048958Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation b4b0f8b2-0bcb-44a3-a2a3-8a4030ef47c4 · inbound

When Confidence Takes the Wrong Path: Diagnosing Retrieval-State Lock-In in RAG cites this paper.

When Confidence Takes the Wrong Path: Diagnosing Retrieval-State Lock-In in RAG Comparing RAG and GraphRAG for Page-Level Retrieval Question Answering on a Math Textbook

Reference 5

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-29T02:25:09.048958Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.