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Historical Review of Fluid Antenna and Movable Antenna
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Recently, significant attention has been drawn to the development of two emerging antenna technologies known as "Fluid Antenna" and "Movable Antenna" in wireless communication research community, which is greatly motivated by their unprecedented flexibility and reconfigurability for improving system performance in wireless applications. However, some confusions have also ensued on their nomenclature. In fact, both "Fluid Antenna" and "Movable Antenna" are not newly-made terms, and they have a longstanding presence in the field of antenna technology. This article wishes to provide some clarity on this closely related terminology and help dispel any confusion, concern or even dispute on the appropriate use of their names in the literature. Our hope is to unite researchers and encourage more research endeavours to focus on resolving the technical issues on this topic. This article begins by reviewing the historical evolution of these technologies for fostering a clear understanding of their origins and recent development in the realm of wireless communication. We will conclude this article by commenting on other nomenclatures that have emerged in the recent research of Fluid/Movable Antenna.
Forward citations
Cited by 13 Pith papers
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HARQ for Slow Fluid Antenna Multiple Access
HARQ-CC makes the combined SIR across retransmission rounds additive for slow fluid antenna access, enabling closed-form outage, waiting-time, and energy-efficiency analysis.
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A Covariance-Surrogate Framework for Movable-Antenna Enabled Anti-Jamming with Unknown Jammers
Moving antenna positions with a blockwise sample-covariance surrogate and trust-region updates improves anti-jamming SINR without knowing jammer channels.
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Joint Antenna Positioning and Beamforming for Movable Antenna Array Aided Ground Station in Low-Earth Orbit Satellite Communication
Moving a LEO ground station's antenna positions once at startup and optimizing beamforming weights over time yields higher average rates than fixed dense or sparse arrays in interference-heavy scenarios.
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Movable Antenna Empowered Secure Near-Field MIMO Communications
Movable antenna positions and hybrid beamformers are jointly optimized to maximize secrecy rate in near-field MIMO, achieving secure transmission when the eavesdropper is in the same direction and closer to the base station.
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Hybrid Codebook Design for Localization Using Electromagnetically Reconfigurable Fluid Antenna System
Three beams derived from the array response and its angle derivatives nearly minimize the localization error bound for a base station with pattern-reconfigurable fluid antennas.
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Joint Channel and Symbol Estimation for Communication Systems with Movable Antennas
A PARAFAC2 tensor model enables joint semi-blind channel and symbol estimation for multi-user movable-antenna uplink systems, with the BALS algorithm used for recovery.
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Optimizing Fluid Antenna Configurations for Constructive Interference Precoding
A smoothed block coordinate descent algorithm for jointly placing fluid antennas and designing constructive interference precoders lowers BER and runtime versus fixed arrays and PSO.
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Energy Efficiency Maximization for Movable Antenna Communication Systems
A max-min energy-efficiency algorithm for movable-antenna uplink systems that accounts for the delay and energy of antenna movement.
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Port-LLM: A Port Prediction Method for Fluid Antenna based on Large Language Models
A GPT-2 model fine-tuned with LoRA or dynamic prompts predicts future fluid antenna ports from past channel tables and outperforms conventional baselines in 3GPP CDL-D simulations.
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Be Water, My Antennas: Riding on Radio Wave Fluctuation in Nature for Spatial Multiplexing using Programmable Meta-Fluid Antenna
A lab test of a switchable 120-element antenna suggests that choosing the right spot can improve signal quality, but the results are overstated and the environment is synthetic.
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Movable-Antenna Empowered AAV-Enabled Data Collection over Low-Altitude Wireless Networks
A joint algorithm for drone trajectory, movable-antenna positions, receive beamforming, and user power increases simulated uplink data collection rates in low-altitude wireless networks.
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A Gradient Meta-Learning Joint Optimization for Beamforming and Antenna Position in Pinching-Antenna Systems
A gradient meta-learning algorithm with two unrolled neural networks jointly optimizes beamforming and pinching-antenna positions, reporting 5.6 bits/s/Hz weighted sum rate and a 32.7% gain over alternating optimizati...
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Advancing Fluid Antenna-Assisted Non-Terrestrial Networks in 6G and Beyond: Fundamentals, State of the Art, and Future Directions
A literature survey of fluid-antenna-assisted non-terrestrial networks; it organizes existing results and identifies future directions but proves no new result.
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