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Observations of the First Galaxies in the Era of JWST

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arxiv 2501.17078 v1 pith:ZAUPQAL2 submitted 2025-01-28 astro-ph.GA

classification astro-ph.GA
keywords galaxiesgtrsimearlyjwstmeasurementsobservationalreviewstar
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abstract

We provide a review of our current knowledge of galaxies throughout the first billion years of cosmic history. This field has undergone a transformation in the last two years following the launch of $\textit{JWST}$, and we aim to deliver an observational overview of what we have learned about $z\gtrsim 5$ galaxies. We introduce the latest selection methods of high redshift galaxies and describe new measurements of the census of continuum-selected and dusty star forming galaxies at $z\gtrsim 5$. We discuss new measurements of the UV luminosity function at $z\gtrsim 10$ and associated implications for early star formation. We then summarize what is being learned about the physical properties of early galaxies, with up-to-date discussions of the sizes, masses, ages, metallicities, abundance patterns, UV colors, dust properties, and ionizing sources in $z\gtrsim 5$ galaxies. We review observational evidence for bursty star formation histories and describe prospects for characterizing the duty cycle with future observations. We provide a brief overview of the insight being gained through new detections of AGN in early galaxies. Finally we introduce the latest constraints on the contribution of galaxies to reionziation and discuss how $\textit{JWST}$ measurements of Ly$\alpha$ emission offer the potential to probe the earliest stages of the process. This review is meant to provide a broad introduction to those new to the observational study of very high redshift galaxies.

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Forward citations

Cited by 7 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. The Impact of Galaxy Overdensities and Ionized Bubbles on Ly$\alpha$ Emission at $z\sim7.0-8.5$

    astro-ph.GA 2025-05 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    Strong Lyα emitters at z~7-8.5 are preferentially found in galaxy overdensities comparable in size to predicted ionized bubbles, with the EGS field showing evidence for an unusually large ionized sightline.

  2. Subaru meets JWST: A Direct Measurement of Ly$\boldsymbol{\alpha}$ Escape Fraction at $\boldsymbol{z\simeq6.2}$ with Dual Narrow-Band Imaging

    astro-ph.GA 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.5 of 10

    Completeness-weighted stacking of 56 HAEs at z≃6.2 gives median f_esc^Lyα = 0.106^{+0.066}_{-0.044} with no strong Hα-luminosity dependence and UV-linked galaxy-to-galaxy trends.

  3. Central Concentration and Escape of Ionizing Photons in Galaxies at the Epoch of Reionization

    astro-ph.GA 2025-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    At z~7, low-mass galaxies show compact, recently bursty star formation, with the steepest UV slopes and highest inferred ionizing-photon escape fractions in their inner regions.

  4. THOR: a GPU-accelerated and MPI-parallel radiative transfer code

    astro-ph.GA 2025-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A new GPU-accelerated, MPI-parallel Monte Carlo radiative transfer code (THOR) for resonant emission lines is validated against analytic solutions and benchmarked across idealized and cosmological setups, with measure...

  5. FEAST: probing the stellar population of the starburst dwarf galaxy NGC4449 with JWST/NIRCam

    astro-ph.GA 2025-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    JWST observations of NGC 4449 show an age-sequenced S-shaped distribution of young stars, consistent with externally triggered bursts, and reveal a clear gap between oxygen-rich and carbon-rich AGB stars.

  6. Morphological Demographics of Galaxies at $z\sim 10-16$: Log-Normal Size Distribution and Exponential Profiles Consistent with the Disk Formation Scenario

    astro-ph.GA 2025-02 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Galaxies at z=10-16 have a log-normal size distribution with sigma 0.52, nearly uniform axis ratios, and exponential profiles, consistent with early disk formation.

  7. COSMOS-Web: Comprehensive Data Reduction for Wide-Area JWST NIRCam Imaging

    astro-ph.IM 2025-06 accept novelty 4.0 of 10

    The COSMOS-Web team presents and publicly releases its data reduction pipeline and final mosaics for the largest JWST Cycle 1 extragalactic survey.

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