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Screening vs. Confinement in 1+1 Dimensions
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abstract
We show that, in 1+1 dimensional gauge theories, a heavy probe charge is screened by dynamical massless fermions both in the case when the source and the dynamical fermions belong to the same representation of the gauge group and, unexpectedly, in the case when the representation of the probe charge is smaller than the representation of the massless fermions. Thus, a fractionally charged heavy probe is screened by dynamical fermions of integer charge in the massless Schwinger model, and a colored probe in the fundamental representation is screened in $QCD_2$ with adjoint massless Majorana fermions. The screening disappears and confinement is restored as soon as the dynamical fermions are given a non-zero mass. For small masses, the string tension is given by the product of the light fermion mass and the fermion condensate with a known numerical coefficient. Parallels with 3+1 dimensional $QCD$ and supersymmetric gauge theories are discussed.
Forward citations
Cited by 7 Pith papers
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Anomalies, a mod 2 index, and dynamics of 2d adjoint QCD
Two-dimensional adjoint QCD has mixed 't Hooft anomalies that force spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking for most N and partial deconfinement of N-ality N/2 charges for even N.
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Confinement Versus Screening in the Schwinger Model on AdS$_2$ from Bosonization and Tensor Networks
Massless QED2 on AdS2 is screened, not confined, when the static potential is defined after subtracting position-dependent probe self-energies.
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Infinite matrix product states for $(1+1)$-dimensional gauge theories
A matrix product operator construction using link-enhanced MPOs enables infinite-lattice simulations of (1+1)D gauge theories with manifest translation invariance and symmetry.
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Supercurrents and (Partial) Supersymmetry in Adjoint QCD$_2$ and Its Generalizations
A conserved Lorentz covariant supercurrent is constructed in adjoint QCD2 and its generalizations, fixing the supersymmetric mass and yielding new fully supersymmetric gapless models.
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A Nonlocal Schwinger Model
For 2<d<4, 2D massless fermions coupled to a d-dimensional Maxwell field are exactly described by a scalar whose scaling dimension runs from 0 in the UV to (4-d)/2 in the IR.
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Non-perturbative Effects and Unparticle Physics in Generalized Schwinger Models
In a class of exactly solvable generalized Schwinger models, all normalized low-dimension operators with the same chiral charge flow to a single unparticle operator at long distances.
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Faddeev description of baryons in two-dimensional QCD with $N_c=3$. I. Chiral spectrum, isospin, and strangeness
A valence light-front Faddeev solution of Nc=3 QCD2 yields a massless chiral baryon, Webber’s tower, inverted Σ–Λ ordering, and protected GMO/Coleman–Glashow relations in mass squared.
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