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Hadron production in central nucleus-nucleus collisions at chemical freeze-out
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abstract
We analyze the experimental hadron yield ratios for central nucleus-nucleus collisions in terms of thermal model calculations over a broad energy range, $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$=2.7-200 GeV. The fits of the experimental data with the model calculations provide the thermal parameters, temperature and baryo-chemical potential at chemical freeze-out. We compare our results with the values obtained in other studies and also investigate more technical aspects such as a potential bias in the fits when fitting particle ratios or yields. Using parametrizations of the temperature and baryonic chemical potential as a function of energy, we compare the model calculations with data for a large variety of hadron yield ratios. We provide quantitative predictions for experiments at LHC energy, as well as for the low RHIC energy of 62.4 GeV. The relation of the determined parameters with the QCD phase boundary is discussed.
Forward citations
Cited by 13 Pith papers
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Probing Late-Stage Hadronic Interactions at High Baryon Density via $K^{*0}$ Production in the RHIC Beam Energy Scan Program
K*0/K yield ratios in central Au+Au collisions at BES energies are suppressed relative to peripheral collisions and thermal predictions, indicating hadronic rescattering that strengthens at lower energies.
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Isospin-Driven Splitting of Chemical Potentials in Isobar Collisions from Lattice QCD
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Leading-Order QCD Equation of State in Strong Magnetic Fields at Nonzero Baryon Chemical Potential
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High-statistics lattice QCD data up to tenth order, analyzed with a Roberge-Weiss-symmetric rational ansatz, place an 84% upper bound of 103 MeV on the QCD critical endpoint temperature.
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The nucleon properties in finite temperature and density with Gaussian fluctuations
Gaussian fluctuations make the quark meson model predict a non-monotonic nucleon mass and a faster-growing nucleon radius as temperature and density increase.
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Measurement of $\Lambda$(1520) production in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 TeV and p-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm{NN}}}$ = 5.02 TeV
The Lambda(1520) resonance is measured in pp and p-Pb collisions; its yield relative to Lambda stays constant with multiplicity and its pT shape matches a Blast-Wave prediction.
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More uses for Thermal Models
Combinations of particle yields enable parameter-free tests of thermal models and extraction of μ_B/T, μ_S/T, μ_Q/T from RHIC BES data, matching published parameters and allowing predictions for other particles and nuclei.
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Temperatures and chemical potentials at kinetic freeze-out in relativistic heavy ion collisions from coarse grained transport simulations
Kinetic freeze-out in central Au+Au collisions is a continuous process spanning broad ranges of temperature and baryon chemical potential, with averages nearly flat in transverse momentum and rapidity.
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Directed Flow of Protons and Deuterons in Xe+Cs(I) Collisions: Preliminary BM@N Data and THESEUS Modeling
Comparing preliminary BM@N proton and deuteron directed flow with THESEUS shows good proton agreement and a slight deuteron overestimation, tentatively supporting thermodynamic light-nucleus formation.
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An expanding spherical fireball model for light hadron production at RHIC ($\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=7.7$--$39$ GeV)
An expanding spherical fireball model with Cooper–Frye freeze-out describes STAR pT spectra of π±, K±, p, p̄ at √sNN=7.7–39 GeV and predicts Gaussian rapidity distributions.
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Spectra and elliptic flow of light hadrons in an expanding fire-cylinder model for the RHIC Beam Energy Scan
An expanding fire-cylinder model fitted to pion pT spectra describes spectra of other light hadrons and qualitatively matches their elliptic flow in peripheral Au+Au collisions at BES energies.
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Phase transitions in neutron stars and their links to gravitational waves
Review of neutron star dense matter, hadron-quark phase transitions, and potential g-mode signatures in gravitational waves from multimessenger observations.
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