Pith Number

pith:4VMPT7HY

pith:2026:4VMPT7HYUA2G2GFAHBHP3ILQBN

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

Recoil kicks from binary black hole mergers in GWTC catalogs: implications for retention and hierarchical mergers

Tousif Islam

Gravitational wave data show binary black hole mergers impart recoil kicks that eject most remnants from globular clusters.

arxiv:2604.04546 v2 · 2026-04-06 · astro-ph.HE · gr-qc

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\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{4VMPT7HYUA2G2GFAHBHP3ILQBN}

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Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Claims

C1strongest claim

We obtain informative kick constraints for GW231028_153006 (839^{+1018}_{-681} km s^{-1}) and GW231123_135430 (974^{+944}_{-760} km s^{-1}); typical retention probabilities are ~1-5% for globular clusters and ~70-100% for elliptical galaxies.

C2weakest assumption

The inference assumes that mass ratio and spin magnitude measurements dominate the kick posterior while spin orientation angles remain subdominant, without explicit checks on how waveform model systematics or population priors alter the reported kick values.

C3one line summary

Recoil kicks are inferred for GWTC-4 binary black hole events with values up to nearly 1000 km/s for some, yielding retention probabilities of 1-5% in globular clusters and 70-100% in elliptical galaxies.

Formal links

2 machine-checked theorem links

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-06-23T01:12:04.379243Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

e558f9fcf8a0346d18a0384efda1700b7754c735eb20a982563d87987afb5ef4

Aliases

arxiv: 2604.04546 · arxiv_version: 2604.04546v2 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2604.04546 · pith_short_12: 4VMPT7HYUA2G · pith_short_16: 4VMPT7HYUA2G2GFA · pith_short_8: 4VMPT7HY

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/4VMPT7HYUA2G2GFAHBHP3ILQBN \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: e558f9fcf8a0346d18a0384efda1700b7754c735eb20a982563d87987afb5ef4

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "8db8f5df1056083c73b2fffb7b816d1a27e98a3c66110c7c30564cd68026a6d6",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [
      "gr-qc"
    ],
    "license": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
    "primary_cat": "astro-ph.HE",
    "submitted_at": "2026-04-06T09:13:33Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "88645a4fb453c8294605f2f2cf772b6a3cde1a6515adc0d756c1f330671aaf4b"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2604.04546",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 2
  }
}