Pith Number

pith:7QL2LDXC

pith:2026:7QL2LDXCLBGTI3KB3F752RRU6I

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

Facet-Level Tracing of Evidence Uncertainty and Hallucination in RAG

Markus Schedl, Monorama Swain, Passant Elchafei, Shahed Masoudian

Hallucinations in RAG systems arise mainly from how retrieved evidence is integrated during generation rather than from retrieval failures.

arxiv:2604.09174 v2 · 2026-04-10 · cs.CL

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\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{7QL2LDXCLBGTI3KB3F752RRU6I}

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Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Claims

C1strongest claim

hallucinations in RAG systems are driven less by retrieval accuracy and more by how retrieved evidence is integrated during generation, with facet-level analysis exposing systematic evidence override and misalignment patterns that remain hidden under answer-level evaluation.

C2weakest assumption

That automatic decomposition of questions into atomic facets combined with NLI-based faithfulness scoring reliably captures whether and how evidence is used or overridden during generation.

C3one line summary

Facet-level analysis of RAG systems on medical QA and HotpotQA shows hallucinations stem primarily from evidence integration and override failures during generation, not from retrieval inaccuracy.

Formal links

2 machine-checked theorem links

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-05-21T01:04:25.596868Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

fc17a58ee2584d346d41d97fdd4634f221b1c5cc9d651b058d3bc2791de1e1e5

Aliases

arxiv: 2604.09174 · arxiv_version: 2604.09174v2 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2604.09174 · pith_short_12: 7QL2LDXCLBGT · pith_short_16: 7QL2LDXCLBGTI3KB · pith_short_8: 7QL2LDXC

Agent API

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Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/7QL2LDXCLBGTI3KB3F752RRU6I \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: fc17a58ee2584d346d41d97fdd4634f221b1c5cc9d651b058d3bc2791de1e1e5

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "b72e296e3214f6120cbbf964fd537abd3c44ac41ab136811850c173b9dfe1f66",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [],
    "license": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
    "primary_cat": "cs.CL",
    "submitted_at": "2026-04-10T09:59:43Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "371dc5dc3f64795385b009f5e051e10a8d3cadf71e7fc648299898a3426b87be"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2604.09174",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 2
  }
}