Pith Number

pith:DN3ZR3HK

pith:2026:DN3ZR3HKHEQ53TZO2B3X3B24XF

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

Gradients with Respect to Semantics Preserving Embeddings Tell the Uncertainty of Large Language Models

Mingda Li, Rundong Lv, Ting Liu, Weinan Zhang, Xinyu Li

Gradients with respect to semantics-preserving embeddings quantify uncertainty in LLM free-form generation.

arxiv:2605.04638 v2 · 2026-05-06 · cs.CL · cs.AI

Open paper page JSON Open Graph Bundle Merged state Verified badge What is a Pith Number?

Add to your LaTeX paper

\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{DN3ZR3HKHEQ53TZO2B3X3B24XF}

Prints a linked badge after your title and injects PDF metadata. Compiles on arXiv. Learn more · Embed verified badge

Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Claims

C1strongest claim

We propose the first gradient-based UQ method for free-form generation, SemGrad, which is sampling-free and computationally efficient. ... Experiments demonstrate that both of our methods provide efficient and effective uncertainty estimates, achieving superior performance than state-of-the-art methods, particularly in settings with multiple valid responses.

C2weakest assumption

A confident LLM maintains stable output distributions under semantically equivalent input perturbations, and the Semantic Preservation Score reliably identifies the embeddings that best capture semantics for gradient computation.

C3one line summary

SemGrad is a gradient-based uncertainty quantification technique for free-form LLM generation that operates in semantic space using a Semantic Preservation Score to select stable embeddings.

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-06-02T02:04:18.608618Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

1b7798ecea3921ddcf2ed0777d875cb95351abf069d75a5d21ee855cdfb2a073

Aliases

arxiv: 2605.04638 · arxiv_version: 2605.04638v2 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2605.04638 · pith_short_12: DN3ZR3HKHEQ5 · pith_short_16: DN3ZR3HKHEQ53TZO · pith_short_8: DN3ZR3HK

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/DN3ZR3HKHEQ53TZO2B3X3B24XF \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: 1b7798ecea3921ddcf2ed0777d875cb95351abf069d75a5d21ee855cdfb2a073

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "2ada27bb035079668dcfbf065e13d15f9c1df373dee8c18b021806b2e0a9d7f6",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [
      "cs.AI"
    ],
    "license": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/",
    "primary_cat": "cs.CL",
    "submitted_at": "2026-05-06T08:30:40Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "12cd684de46cdae552f55d885654333db37a55a8636da04b7d1454e861fc95db"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2605.04638",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 2
  }
}