Pith Number

pith:GNKSV2C6

pith:2018:GNKSV2C6QQIC3YO2F6U7UIF5QC

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

GPipe: Efficient Training of Giant Neural Networks using Pipeline Parallelism

Ankur Bapna, Dehao Chen, HyoukJoong Lee, Jiquan Ngiam, Mia Xu Chen, Orhan Firat, Quoc V. Le, Yanping Huang, Yonghui Wu, Youlong Cheng, Zhifeng Chen

arxiv:1811.06965 v5 · 2018-11-16 · cs.CV

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\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{GNKSV2C6QQIC3YO2F6U7UIF5QC}

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Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Cited by

21 papers in Pith

Mosaic: Towards Efficient Training of Multimodal Models with Spatial Resource Multiplexing

A Readiness-Driven Runtime for Pipeline-Parallel Training under Runtime Variability

Chameleon: Adaptive Fault Tolerance for Distributed Training via Real-time Policy Selection

GSPMD: General and Scalable Parallelization for ML Computation Graphs

PRISM: Probabilistic Runtime Insights and Scalable Performance Modeling for Large-Scale Distributed Training

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-05-17T23:39:32.065902Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

33552ae85e84102de1da2fa9fa20bd80be0578a3e35f6450dfd39ed6050fbdcb

Aliases

arxiv: 1811.06965 · arxiv_version: 1811.06965v5 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.1811.06965 · pith_short_12: GNKSV2C6QQIC · pith_short_16: GNKSV2C6QQIC3YO2 · pith_short_8: GNKSV2C6

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/GNKSV2C6QQIC3YO2F6U7UIF5QC \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: 33552ae85e84102de1da2fa9fa20bd80be0578a3e35f6450dfd39ed6050fbdcb

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "ef503a6378564ffaa6fb37481575251ffd1c7a99abb42d7a3f8f2253d87bba5d",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [],
    "license": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
    "primary_cat": "cs.CV",
    "submitted_at": "2018-11-16T18:43:28Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "73caf0ac66a6aa17f025ba2c9550a3b5f977f262bb8852d0ac65767463dbd379"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "1811.06965",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 5
  }
}