Pith Number

pith:M7ZXB5IH

pith:2026:M7ZXB5IHASITHKG3OEKDQIGSCB

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

How Surprising Is Historical Italian to Language Models? Tokenization Tax, Comprehension Tax, and a Simple Mitigation

Maria Levchenko

arxiv:2606.27275 v1 · 2026-06-25 · cs.CL · cs.DL

Open paper page JSON Open Graph Bundle Merged state Verified badge What is a Pith Number?

Add to your LaTeX paper

\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{M7ZXB5IHASITHKG3OEKDQIGSCB}

Prints a linked badge after your title and injects PDF metadata. Compiles on arXiv. Learn more · Embed verified badge

Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-06-26T01:16:17.230521Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

67f370f507049133a8db71143820d2104c20cd143a835784432e13ee5e74b6d2

Aliases

arxiv: 2606.27275 · arxiv_version: 2606.27275v1 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2606.27275 · pith_short_12: M7ZXB5IHASIT · pith_short_16: M7ZXB5IHASITHKG3 · pith_short_8: M7ZXB5IH

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/M7ZXB5IHASITHKG3OEKDQIGSCB \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: 67f370f507049133a8db71143820d2104c20cd143a835784432e13ee5e74b6d2

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "e9c8085da5efe315eda3a12029c115fde47b91bbf195d2e01f87528a1508f783",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [
      "cs.DL"
    ],
    "license": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
    "primary_cat": "cs.CL",
    "submitted_at": "2026-06-25T16:52:21Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "5271a5b43c42be8e813ff31f89faae9bcd202959ce23958cfb46df05691cdc6d"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2606.27275",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 1
  }
}