Pith Number

pith:Q47KNYFT

pith:2026:Q47KNYFTD2MI2ZOMJNMKLOJ3V5

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Propensity Score Propagation: A General Framework for Design-Based Inference with Unknown Propensity Scores

Siyu Heng, Yanxin Shen, Zijian Guo

Propensity score propagation achieves nominal coverage for design-based inference when propensity scores are unknown and estimated from data.

arxiv:2601.13150 v3 · 2026-01-19 · stat.ME

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\pithnumber{Q47KNYFTD2MI2ZOMJNMKLOJ3V5}

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Record completeness

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3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

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The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Claims

C1strongest claim

Theoretical and simulation studies show that the proposed framework achieves nominal coverage, even in settings where conventional approaches exhibit substantial under-coverage.

C2weakest assumption

That the regeneration-and-union procedure correctly propagates uncertainty from propensity score estimation into the design-based inference without violating the finite-population properties or introducing bias that the theory does not account for.

C3one line summary

Propensity score propagation is a general framework that achieves nominal coverage for design-based inference by propagating uncertainty from both parametric and nonparametric propensity score estimates via a regeneration-and-union procedure.

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-06-05T01:14:33.287629Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

873ea6e0b31e988d65cc4b58a5b93baf7b80a92f365bb0ecf0a11185d216b036

Aliases

arxiv: 2601.13150 · arxiv_version: 2601.13150v3 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2601.13150 · pith_short_12: Q47KNYFTD2MI · pith_short_16: Q47KNYFTD2MI2ZOM · pith_short_8: Q47KNYFT

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Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/Q47KNYFTD2MI2ZOMJNMKLOJ3V5 \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: 873ea6e0b31e988d65cc4b58a5b93baf7b80a92f365bb0ecf0a11185d216b036

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "8a29552cc308a77a8e3bfe890fec980153c7c543e16961f9eb47d8f64bd2ed14",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [],
    "license": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
    "primary_cat": "stat.ME",
    "submitted_at": "2026-01-19T15:32:09Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "e66c2e2010d4d7fcab96327c784ef7a24fabf92a66fd65be3971c81800ab3669"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2601.13150",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 3
  }
}