Pith Number

pith:U3SKIPHQ

pith:2012:U3SKIPHQXDZBFGTPMES2MQBZYM

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

Confounding Equivalence in Causal Inference

Azaria Paz, Judea Pearl

arxiv:1203.3505 v1 · 2012-03-15 · stat.ME · cs.AI

Open paper page JSON Open Graph Bundle Merged state Verified badge What is a Pith Number?

Add to your LaTeX paper

\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{U3SKIPHQXDZBFGTPMES2MQBZYM}

Prints a linked badge after your title and injects PDF metadata. Compiles on arXiv. Learn more · Embed verified badge

Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-05-18T04:00:00.141088Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

a6e4a43cf0b8f2129a6f6125a64039c328d0fa3538725fbb45cea54c6dd6eb95

Aliases

arxiv: 1203.3505 · arxiv_version: 1203.3505v1 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.1203.3505 · pith_short_12: U3SKIPHQXDZB · pith_short_16: U3SKIPHQXDZBFGTP · pith_short_8: U3SKIPHQ

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/U3SKIPHQXDZBFGTPMES2MQBZYM \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: a6e4a43cf0b8f2129a6f6125a64039c328d0fa3538725fbb45cea54c6dd6eb95

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "cb2ed82bad36f76a6ccf17c95fba03bace59fba9db142c79788fe46dc81d3c28",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [
      "cs.AI"
    ],
    "license": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
    "primary_cat": "stat.ME",
    "submitted_at": "2012-03-15T11:17:56Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "47f5ddae7c8fdca721d46ffa28efd6e752e8f4ea5c47e6beb821844b3988d01e"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "1203.3505",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 1
  }
}