Authors add f(R, K) to the Einstein-Hilbert action, obtain higher-derivative-free modified Friedmann equations for flat FRW, and derive a general apparent-horizon entropy expression usable for multiple entropy models.
Dynamic black-hole entropy
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abstract
We consider two non-statistical definitions of entropy for dynamic (non-stationary) black holes in spherical symmetry. The first is analogous to the original Clausius definition of thermodynamic entropy: there is a first law containing an energy-supply term which equals surface gravity times a total differential. The second is Wald's Noether-charge method, adapted to dynamic black holes by using the Kodama flow. Both definitions give the same answer for Einstein gravity: one-quarter the area of the trapping horizon.
fields
gr-qc 3years
2026 3verdicts
UNVERDICTED 3representative citing papers
Viable generalized horizon entropies from the mass-to-horizon relation are restricted to a narrow neighborhood around the Bekenstein-Hawking law, yielding only Lambda-CDM-like background evolution.
A two-parameter extension of Bekenstein entropy is applied to derive the Friedmann equations and confirm thermodynamic consistency for an accelerating universe via entropy balance and maximization.
citing papers explorer
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Modified Entropy from Action Principle
Authors add f(R, K) to the Einstein-Hilbert action, obtain higher-derivative-free modified Friedmann equations for flat FRW, and derive a general apparent-horizon entropy expression usable for multiple entropy models.
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Modified Cosmology from Mass-to-Horizon Relation: Background Evolution
Viable generalized horizon entropies from the mass-to-horizon relation are restricted to a narrow neighborhood around the Bekenstein-Hawking law, yielding only Lambda-CDM-like background evolution.
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Generalized Mass-to-Horizon Entropy and Horizon Thermodynamics
A two-parameter extension of Bekenstein entropy is applied to derive the Friedmann equations and confirm thermodynamic consistency for an accelerating universe via entropy balance and maximization.