Ammonia poisons PEM fuel cell cathodes by ammonium ions displacing hydronium at sulfonic acid sites and forming hydronium-absorbing ion clusters via hydrogen bonds, with higher temperatures helping to break up clusters and restore proton transport.
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Poisoning mechanism of ammonia on proton transport and ionomer structure in cathode catalyst layer of PEM fuel cells
Ammonia poisons PEM fuel cell cathodes by ammonium ions displacing hydronium at sulfonic acid sites and forming hydronium-absorbing ion clusters via hydrogen bonds, with higher temperatures helping to break up clusters and restore proton transport.