Numerical modeling of time-dependent cosmic-ray advection and diffusion in spherically symmetric wind bubbles shows escaping spectra harder than E^{-2} during the wind-driven phase, with low-energy suppression depending on the turbulence model.
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SKA-Low augmented with particle detectors is well suited to measure cosmic ray mass composition in the Galactic-extragalactic transition energy range, building on LOFAR experience.
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Time-dependent cosmic-ray escape from wind bubbles: hard spectra formation
Numerical modeling of time-dependent cosmic-ray advection and diffusion in spherically symmetric wind bubbles shows escaping spectra harder than E^{-2} during the wind-driven phase, with low-energy suppression depending on the turbulence model.
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Origins of Cosmic Rays in the Galactic-extragalactic Transition Energy Range
SKA-Low augmented with particle detectors is well suited to measure cosmic ray mass composition in the Galactic-extragalactic transition energy range, building on LOFAR experience.