Multi-dimensional simulations show that the parameter space for shocks in non-dissipative transonic sub-Keplerian accretion flows is substantially larger than the analytic prediction, with dynamic boundary layers producing outflows.
General Relativistic Numerical Simulation of sub-Keplerian Transonic Accretion Flows onto Rotating Black Holes: Kerr Spacetime
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abstract
We study time evolution of sub-Keplerian transonic accretion flows onto black holes using a general relativistic numerical simulation code. We perform simulations around the black holes having non-zero rotation. We first compare one-dimensional simulation results with theoretical results and validate the performance of our code. Next, we present results of axisymmetric, two-dimensional simulation of advective flows. In the literature, there is no solution which describes steady shock solutions in two dimensions. However, our simulations produce these centrifugal force supported steady shock waves even in presence of strong dragging of inertial frames. Since the post-shock region could be hot and upscatter photons through Comptonization, these shock would put imprints on the spectra. Thus, our solutions, which represent truly new results, could be useful to measure spins through radiation spectrum of accreting Kerr black holes.
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Simulation based parameter space for shock in transonic, sub-Keplerian accretion flow onto non-rotating black holes
Multi-dimensional simulations show that the parameter space for shocks in non-dissipative transonic sub-Keplerian accretion flows is substantially larger than the analytic prediction, with dynamic boundary layers producing outflows.