A distributional reward model p(r|x,y) yields the closed-form effective reward ilde r(x,y) = eta ext{log} ext{E}_p[e^{r/eta}] (pessimistic branch) that unifies prior RLHF aggregation heuristics under Bayesian or KL-DRO views.
Mitigating preference hacking in policy optimization with pessimism
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The paper introduces the Proxy Compression Hypothesis as a unifying framework explaining reward hacking in RLHF as an emergent result of compressing high-dimensional human objectives into proxy reward signals under optimization pressure.
Proxy RL produces a staged proxy-internalization capability that emerges before and predicts reward hacking in coding environments.
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Reward Hacking in the Era of Large Models: Mechanisms, Emergent Misalignment, Challenges
The paper introduces the Proxy Compression Hypothesis as a unifying framework explaining reward hacking in RLHF as an emergent result of compressing high-dimensional human objectives into proxy reward signals under optimization pressure.