A new null test is proposed to isolate cosmologies with non-FLRW observational relations by characterizing how they violate curvature-consistency tests of the standard FLRW framework.
Backreaction in late-time cosmology
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We review the effect of the formation of nonlinear structures on the expansion rate, spatial curvature and light propagation in the universe, focusing on the possibility that it could explain cosmological observations without the introduction of dark energy or modified gravity. We concentrate on explaining the relevant physics and highlighting open questions.
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Gaia quasar proper motions show a significant quadrupole signal matching an axisymmetric Bianchi I anisotropy model, but the amplitude does not increase with redshift as the model requires and the inferred local shear exceeds expectations.
Numerical simulations show that inhomogeneities in a LambdaCDM universe can lead some observers to infer evolving dark energy parameters consistent with DESI at 2-sigma.
A review summarizing the Hubble constant tension and proposed solutions from new physics that restore agreement between Planck CMB data and local H0 measurements within 1-2 sigma.
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