Four types of LLM reliance (Strategic 34.3%, Instrumental 30.9%, Dialogic 30.4%, Dependent 4.5%) were identified among undergraduates, with AI literacy predicting type and value/cost beliefs predicting intensity.
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The Reliance Negotiation Framework models student LLM reliance in writing as recursive negotiation among perceived benefits, risks, ethical commitments, and situational demands, including a separate non-negotiation path for strong ethical commitments.
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Four Types of LLM Reliance and Their Predictors Among Undergraduate Writers: A Mixed-Methods Study at a Minority-Serving R1 University
Four types of LLM reliance (Strategic 34.3%, Instrumental 30.9%, Dialogic 30.4%, Dependent 4.5%) were identified among undergraduates, with AI literacy predicting type and value/cost beliefs predicting intensity.
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The Reliance Negotiation Framework: A Dynamic Process Model of Student LLM Engagement in Academic Writing
The Reliance Negotiation Framework models student LLM reliance in writing as recursive negotiation among perceived benefits, risks, ethical commitments, and situational demands, including a separate non-negotiation path for strong ethical commitments.