Explicit demographic statements trigger higher refusal rates and lower semantic similarity in LLMs than implicit dialect cues, which reduce refusals but also reduce content sanitization.
2002.African American English: a linguistic introduction
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Dialect vs Demographics: Quantifying LLM Bias from Implicit Linguistic Signals vs. Explicit User Profiles
Explicit demographic statements trigger higher refusal rates and lower semantic similarity in LLMs than implicit dialect cues, which reduce refusals but also reduce content sanitization.