The authors introduce Agentivism as a learning theory for human-AI interaction that explains how durable capability develops through selective delegation, epistemic monitoring, reconstructive internalization, and transfer under reduced support.
Cognitive ease at a cost: LLMs reduce mental effort but compromise depth in student scientific inquiry
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LLM use for essay writing correlates with reduced brain network connectivity, lower self-reported ownership, and poorer recall of one's own content compared to unaided or search-based writing.
LLM-based multimodal feedback matches educator feedback in learning outcomes but exceeds it in student perceptions of quality, engagement, and reduced cognitive load.
An online study of 70 students found that gender, race, and self-efficacy predict distinct ChatGPT query patterns during essay writing, with patterns linked to enjoyment and perceived ownership of the final essay.
Advanced LLMs improve EFL writing scores and diversity for lower-proficiency students but correlate with lower expert ratings on deep coherence, acting more as crutches than scaffolds.
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An Empirical Study to Understand How Students Use ChatGPT for Writing Essays
An online study of 70 students found that gender, race, and self-efficacy predict distinct ChatGPT query patterns during essay writing, with patterns linked to enjoyment and perceived ownership of the final essay.