Chiral symmetry corrections in lattice QCD fits shift the D0*(2300) resonance pole closer to the Dπ threshold and reduce its width, while coupled channels produce a two-pole structure.
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Pentaquark and Tetraquark states
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abstract
The past seventeen years have witnessed tremendous progress on the experimental and theoretical explorations of the multiquark states. The hidden-charm and hidden-bottom multiquark systems were reviewed extensively in [Phys. Rept. 639 (2016) 1-121]. In this article, we shall update the experimental and theoretical efforts on the hidden heavy flavor multiquark systems in the past three years. Especially the LHCb collaboration not only confirmed the existence of the hidden-charm pentaquarks but also provided strong evidence of the molecular picture. Besides the well-known $XYZ$ and $P_c$ states, we shall discuss more interesting tetraquark and pentaquark systems either with one, two, three or even four heavy quarks. Some very intriguing states include the fully heavy exotic tetraquark states $QQ\bar Q\bar Q$ and doubly heavy tetraquark states $QQ\bar q \bar q$, where $Q$ is a heavy quark. The $QQ\bar Q\bar Q$ states may be produced at LHC while the $QQ\bar q \bar q$ system may be searched for at BelleII and LHCb. Moreover, we shall pay special attention to various theoretical schemes. We shall emphasize the model-independent predictions of various models which are truly/closely related to Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). There have also accumulated many lattice QCD simulations through multiple channel scattering on the lattice in recent years, which provide deep insights into the underlying structure/dynamics of the $XYZ$ states. In terms of the recent $P_c$ states, the lattice simulations of the charmed baryon and anti-charmed meson scattering are badly needed. We shall also discuss some important states which may be searched for at BESIII, BelleII and LHCb in the coming years.
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BOEFT quantifies threshold-induced shifts in quarkonium masses below threshold by solving coupled Schrödinger equations using lattice potentials and one parameter fixed to the χ_c1(3872) mass.
QCD light-cone sum rules computation of magnetic dipole, electric quadrupole, and magnetic octupole moments for Σ-type P_ψs pentaquarks, with quark-flavor decomposition and model discriminants.
The paper predicts a scalar cc-ccbar tetraquark state (X(6400)) and identifies it as the partner to the recently observed tensor state X(6600).
A quark-diquark formalism extracts effective masses and couplings from known heavy baryon data to predict spectra across singly, doubly, and triply heavy sectors with two scenarios and a mass-dependent binding term.
Imposing the SU(3) flavor eigenstate condition on udsc c-bar pentaquarks in a constituent quark model yields two structures matching the masses of P_cs(4338) and P_cs(4459) plus two additional predicted states below the J/ψΛ threshold.
Born-Oppenheimer approximation calculations for doubly heavy hadrons match Gaussian expansion benchmarks at small heavy quark masses but diverge at larger masses, with Slater-type functions overestimating and Gaussian-type underestimating binding energies.
First 4D amplitude analysis of B+ → ψ(2S) K_S0 π+ confirms the exotic T_{c c-bar 1}(4430)+ structure with properties consistent with prior observations in the isospin-related channel.
Joint analysis of experimental and lattice data confirms Z_c(3900) and Z_cs(3985) as SU(3) flavor partners with pole masses (3879.6 ± 4.8) MeV and (3976.9 ± 5.1) MeV, half-widths (32.2 ± 4.7) MeV and (28.8 ± 5.9) MeV, both resonances.
The DDK system supports a deeply bound compact state across wide parameters and possibly a shallow three-body halo state near the D-DK threshold, with negligible D*D*K coupling and no resonances.
Unquenched calculation finds sizable 2P-1F mixing in charmonium with angles 7.5° and 15.4°, yielding predictions for two-photon and two-gluon decay widths.
The authors construct and publicly release the TQ4Q2.0 fragmentation functions for all-heavy S-wave tetraquarks via NRQCD factorization, extending prior work with nonconstituent contributions and replica-based uncertainties.
Coupled-channel calculations show Pc and Pcs states as molecular bound states with RMS radii 0.5-2 fm when heavy-quark spin symmetry is respected across all channels.
The DNN system forms a robust compact bound state in the I=1/2 (1^-) channel across cutoffs, while D*NN exhibits spin-dependent bound states in 0^-, 1^-, and 2^- channels with no resonances found.
A mass splitting model anchored to X(4140) interprets LHCb's T^a_c sbar0(2900) and T_cs0*(2870)^0 as particular singly-heavy tetraquarks and forecasts several narrow states.
QCD sum rules with local meson-meson currents for the K(1690) consistently predict masses around 2 GeV or above, disfavoring a molecular interpretation in favor of a compact multiquark state.
Using effective Lagrangians under molecular assumptions for η_c D* and J/ψ D*, the authors estimate B_c production branching ratios of 10^{-4} and 10^{-5} respectively, with decay widths O(MeV).
Constituent quark model with imported meson parameters predicts lowest 1-- P-wave tetraquark mass near 4.15 GeV and proposes that ψ(4230), ψ(4360), ψ(4660), and Υ(10753) may be such states with possible multiples near 4.36 GeV.
citing papers explorer
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Analysis of the $D_0^*(2300)$ resonance from lattice QCD under chiral symmetry
Chiral symmetry corrections in lattice QCD fits shift the D0*(2300) resonance pole closer to the Dπ threshold and reduce its width, while coupled channels produce a two-pole structure.
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Open-flavor threshold effects on quarkonium spectrum in the BOEFT
BOEFT quantifies threshold-induced shifts in quarkonium masses below threshold by solving coupled Schrödinger equations using lattice potentials and one parameter fixed to the χ_c1(3872) mass.
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Deciphering the nature of $P^{\Sigma}_{\psi s}$ pentaquarks in the light of their electromagnetic multipole moments
QCD light-cone sum rules computation of magnetic dipole, electric quadrupole, and magnetic octupole moments for Σ-type P_ψs pentaquarks, with quark-flavor decomposition and model discriminants.
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Predictions for the scalar partner of the LHC tetraquark $X(6600)$
The paper predicts a scalar cc-ccbar tetraquark state (X(6400)) and identifies it as the partner to the recently observed tensor state X(6600).
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Quark-diquark effective mass formalism for heavy baryon spectroscopy
A quark-diquark formalism extracts effective masses and couplings from known heavy baryon data to predict spectra across singly, doubly, and triply heavy sectors with two scenarios and a mass-dependent binding term.
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Hidden-charm $uds\,c\bar c$ pentaquarks as flavor eigenstates in a constituent quark model
Imposing the SU(3) flavor eigenstate condition on udsc c-bar pentaquarks in a constituent quark model yields two structures matching the masses of P_cs(4338) and P_cs(4459) plus two additional predicted states below the J/ψΛ threshold.
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Assessing the validity of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation in potential models for doubly heavy hadrons
Born-Oppenheimer approximation calculations for doubly heavy hadrons match Gaussian expansion benchmarks at small heavy quark masses but diverge at larger masses, with Slater-type functions overestimating and Gaussian-type underestimating binding energies.
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Observation and investigation of the $T_{c\bar{c}1}(4430)^{+}$ structure in $B^{+} \to \psi(2S) K_{\text{S}}^{0} \pi^{+}$ decays
First 4D amplitude analysis of B+ → ψ(2S) K_S0 π+ confirms the exotic T_{c c-bar 1}(4430)+ structure with properties consistent with prior observations in the isospin-related channel.
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Determination of the $Z_c(3900)$ and the $Z_{cs}(3985)$ states from joint analysis of experimental and lattice data
Joint analysis of experimental and lattice data confirms Z_c(3900) and Z_cs(3985) as SU(3) flavor partners with pole masses (3879.6 ± 4.8) MeV and (3976.9 ± 5.1) MeV, half-widths (32.2 ± 4.7) MeV and (28.8 ± 5.9) MeV, both resonances.
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Coupled-channel study of the three-body $DDK$ and $D^{*}D^{*}K$
The DDK system supports a deeply bound compact state across wide parameters and possibly a shallow three-body halo state near the D-DK threshold, with negligible D*D*K coupling and no resonances.
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Proposed mixing between $2P$ and $1F$ wave charmonia
Unquenched calculation finds sizable 2P-1F mixing in charmonium with angles 7.5° and 15.4°, yielding predictions for two-photon and two-gluon decay widths.
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All-charm tetraquarks at hadron colliders: A high-precision fragmentation perspective
The authors construct and publicly release the TQ4Q2.0 fragmentation functions for all-heavy S-wave tetraquarks via NRQCD factorization, extending prior work with nonconstituent contributions and replica-based uncertainties.
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Study of the molecular Properties of the $P_c$ and $P_{cs}$ States
Coupled-channel calculations show Pc and Pcs states as molecular bound states with RMS radii 0.5-2 fm when heavy-quark spin symmetry is respected across all channels.
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Three-body molecular states composed of $D^{(*)}$ and two nucleons
The DNN system forms a robust compact bound state in the I=1/2 (1^-) channel across cutoffs, while D*NN exhibits spin-dependent bound states in 0^-, 1^-, and 2^- channels with no resonances found.
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$T^a_{c\bar{s}0}(2900)$, $T_{cs0}^*(2870)^0$, and other singly-heavy tetraquark states
A mass splitting model anchored to X(4140) interprets LHCb's T^a_c sbar0(2900) and T_cs0*(2870)^0 as particular singly-heavy tetraquarks and forecasts several narrow states.
-
QCD sum rule analysis of local meson-meson currents for the $K(1690)$ state
QCD sum rules with local meson-meson currents for the K(1690) consistently predict masses around 2 GeV or above, disfavoring a molecular interpretation in favor of a compact multiquark state.
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Analysis of molecular state ${{\eta}_cD^*}$ and ${J/\psi D^*}$ in the effective Lagrangian approach
Using effective Lagrangians under molecular assumptions for η_c D* and J/ψ D*, the authors estimate B_c production branching ratios of 10^{-4} and 10^{-5} respectively, with decay widths O(MeV).
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Study of $1^{--}$ P wave charmoniumlike and bottomoniumlike tetraquark spectroscopy
Constituent quark model with imported meson parameters predicts lowest 1-- P-wave tetraquark mass near 4.15 GeV and proposes that ψ(4230), ψ(4360), ψ(4660), and Υ(10753) may be such states with possible multiples near 4.36 GeV.