Standard non-thermal leptogenesis works at arbitrarily low reheating temperatures above the BBN bound when the inflaton potential has a quartic minimum (k≥4), because the inflaton's evolving mass kinematically shuts off RHN production early.
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Effects of fragmentation on post-inflationary reheating
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abstract
We consider the effects of fragmentation on the post-inflationary epoch of reheating. In simple single field models of inflation, an inflaton condensate undergoes an oscillatory phase once inflationary expansion ends. The equation of state of the condensate depends on the shape of the scalar potential, $V(\phi)$, about its minimum. Assuming $V(\phi) \sim \phi^k$, the equation of state parameter is given by $w = P_\phi/\rho_\phi = (k-2)/(k+2)$. The evolution of condensate and the reheating process depend on $k$. For $k \ge 4$, inflaton self-interactions may lead to the fragmentation of the condensate and alter the reheating process. Indeed, these self-interactions lead to the production of a massless gas of inflaton particles as $w$ relaxes to 1/3. If reheating occurs before fragmentation, the effects of fragmentation are harmless. We find, however, that the effects of fragmentation depend sensitively to the specific reheating process. Reheating through the decays to fermions is largely excluded since perturbative couplings would imply that fragmentation occurs before reheating and in fact could prevent reheating from completion. Reheating through the decays to boson is relatively unaffected by fragmentation and reheating through scatterings results in a lower reheating temperature.
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representative citing papers
For monomial inflationary potentials with k≥4, the inflaton regenerates from the thermal bath after reheating because its amplitude-dependent mass vanishes asymptotically.
Generalizes UFO to T ~ a^{-ξ} and introduces GUFO from gravitational production, extending DM mass reach to 10^7 GeV for n=2 in matter-like reheating.
Polynomial α-attractor P-models of inflation accommodate Planck and Planck+ACT CMB data for ranges of reheating temperatures when decays and fragmentation are included.
A spectator scalar field with strong portal coupling to the inflaton sources a stochastic gravitational wave background reaching Ω_GW h² ∼ 10^{-11} at frequencies 10^7-10^8 Hz for benchmark parameters σ/λ ≃ 10^4 and T_reh = 2×10^{14} GeV.
High-frequency primordial gravitational waves extend to higher frequencies due to post-inflation inflaton dynamics, and their detailed spectrum shape can distinguish inflation models.
Lattice simulations show that the post-inflationary equation of state with trilinear interactions returns to zero after an initial deviation, substantially lowering stochastic gravitational wave amplitudes relative to prior estimates.
Collider experiments can strongly constrain p-wave-suppressed derivative operators and thereby limit reheating temperature, DM mass, and interaction scale needed to match observed DM abundance during reheating.
Thermal corrections to reheating and freeze-in DM production rates are generally small in the computable regime but can be large in constructed counter-examples.
Gravity-mediated production of scalar and vector dark radiation yields Planck 2018 constraints on reheating temperature T_RH and background equation of state w_Φ, with comparisons to right-handed neutrinos, ALPs, and a generic spin-2 mediator.
Non-standard reheating imprints detectable features on SIGW spectra via non-Gaussianity, with dynamics that can suppress or boost the signal amplitude for LISA.
citing papers explorer
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Leptogenesis and Low Reheating Temperatures
Standard non-thermal leptogenesis works at arbitrarily low reheating temperatures above the BBN bound when the inflaton potential has a quartic minimum (k≥4), because the inflaton's evolving mass kinematically shuts off RHN production early.
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Inflaton Regeneration via Scalar Couplings: Generic Models and the Higgs Portal
For monomial inflationary potentials with k≥4, the inflaton regenerates from the thermal bath after reheating because its amplitude-dependent mass vanishes asymptotically.
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Gravitational ultra-relativistic freeze-out during general reheating
Generalizes UFO to T ~ a^{-ξ} and introduces GUFO from gravitational production, extending DM mass reach to 10^7 GeV for n=2 in matter-like reheating.
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Testing $\alpha$-attractor P-model of inflation by Cosmic Microwave Background radiation
Polynomial α-attractor P-models of inflation accommodate Planck and Planck+ACT CMB data for ranges of reheating temperatures when decays and fragmentation are included.
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Gravitational Waves from Matter Perturbations of Spectator Scalar Fields
A spectator scalar field with strong portal coupling to the inflaton sources a stochastic gravitational wave background reaching Ω_GW h² ∼ 10^{-11} at frequencies 10^7-10^8 Hz for benchmark parameters σ/λ ≃ 10^4 and T_reh = 2×10^{14} GeV.
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High Frequency Spectrum of Primordial Gravitational Waves
High-frequency primordial gravitational waves extend to higher frequencies due to post-inflation inflaton dynamics, and their detailed spectrum shape can distinguish inflation models.
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Equation of state during (p)reheating with trilinear interactions
Lattice simulations show that the post-inflationary equation of state with trilinear interactions returns to zero after an initial deviation, substantially lowering stochastic gravitational wave amplitudes relative to prior estimates.
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From WIMP to FIMP during reheating: collider vs non-collider probes for p-wave annihilation
Collider experiments can strongly constrain p-wave-suppressed derivative operators and thereby limit reheating temperature, DM mass, and interaction scale needed to match observed DM abundance during reheating.
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Thermal effects on Dark Matter production during cosmic reheating
Thermal corrections to reheating and freeze-in DM production rates are generally small in the computable regime but can be large in constructed counter-examples.
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CMB signatures of gravity-mediated dark radiation in $\mathbf{\Delta N_{\rm eff}}$
Gravity-mediated production of scalar and vector dark radiation yields Planck 2018 constraints on reheating temperature T_RH and background equation of state w_Φ, with comparisons to right-handed neutrinos, ALPs, and a generic spin-2 mediator.
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Probing non-Gaussianity during reheating with SIGW in the LISA band
Non-standard reheating imprints detectable features on SIGW spectra via non-Gaussianity, with dynamics that can suppress or boost the signal amplitude for LISA.