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Lectures on non-equilibrium effective field theories and fluctuating hydrodynamics

Canonical reference. 86% of citing Pith papers cite this work as background.

13 Pith papers citing it
Background 86% of classified citations
abstract

We review recent progress in developing effective field theories (EFTs) for non-equilibrium processes at finite temperature, including a new formulation of fluctuating hydrodynamics, and a new proof of the second law of thermodynamics. There are a number of new elements in formulating EFTs for such systems. Firstly, the nature of IR variables is very different from those of a system in equilibrium or near the vacuum. Secondly, while all static properties of an equilibrium system can in principle be extracted from the partition function, there appears no such quantity which can capture all non-equilibrium properties. Thirdly, non-equilibrium processes often involve dissipation, which is notoriously difficult to deal with using an action principle. The purpose of the review is to explain how to address these issues in a pedagogic manner, with fluctuating hydrodynamics as a main example.

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representative citing papers

All-order fluctuating hydrodynamics of the SYK lattice

hep-th · 2026-04-20 · conditional · novelty 8.0

Derives the all-order fluctuating hydrodynamics effective action and transport coefficients for the SYK lattice from its microscopic pseudo-Goldstone boson action.

How acausal equations emerge from causal dynamics

nucl-th · 2026-04-08 · unverdicted · novelty 8.0

A causal microscopic kinetic model can reproduce arbitrary rest-frame stable dissipative dispersion relations at real k through suitable initialization, providing a counterexample to claims that micro-causality alone restricts the analytic form of such relations.

Counting Degrees of Freedom in Open Effective Theories

hep-th · 2026-05-22 · unverdicted · novelty 7.0

A new algorithm counts degrees of freedom in open EFTs from equations of motion using dual advanced equations for non-Lagrangian systems with constraints and gauges.

Schwinger-Keldysh Path Integral for Gauge theories

hep-th · 2026-04-29 · unverdicted · novelty 7.0 · 2 refs

Constructs a manifestly diagonal-BRST-invariant Schwinger-Keldysh path integral for open non-Abelian gauge theories with arbitrary physical initial states, yielding Ward-Takahashi-Slavnov-Taylor identities and a Keldysh BRST symmetry for the Open EFT.

Fractonic solids

hep-th · 2024-06-11 · unverdicted · novelty 7.0

The authors introduce fractonic solids via a new symmetry that ties fracton mobility to a material, enabling gauge-invariant momentum, boost compatibility, and gravitational coupling.

Stochastic inflation from a non-equilibrium renormalization group

hep-th · 2026-05-11 · unverdicted · novelty 7.0

A generalized Fokker-Planck equation for stochastic inflation is derived from a Polchinski-type renormalization group flow on the density matrix, incorporating dissipative and diffusive corrections beyond the leading order.

Gauging Open EFTs from the top down

hep-th · 2025-12-18 · unverdicted · novelty 6.0

Derives gauge-invariant influence functionals for photons and Stueckelberg fields in open U(1) gauge EFTs via BRST on the in-in contour after integrating out matter.

Effective Field Theory for Superconducting Phase Transitions

hep-th · 2026-04-02 · unverdicted · novelty 6.0

An effective field theory for superconducting phase transitions is constructed via Schwinger-Keldysh formalism, reproducing Ginzburg-Landau equations upon truncation while showing overdamped Higgs modes and complex relaxation in holographic validation.

citing papers explorer

Showing 13 of 13 citing papers.

  • All-order fluctuating hydrodynamics of the SYK lattice hep-th · 2026-04-20 · conditional · none · ref 45

    Derives the all-order fluctuating hydrodynamics effective action and transport coefficients for the SYK lattice from its microscopic pseudo-Goldstone boson action.

  • How acausal equations emerge from causal dynamics nucl-th · 2026-04-08 · unverdicted · none · ref 35

    A causal microscopic kinetic model can reproduce arbitrary rest-frame stable dissipative dispersion relations at real k through suitable initialization, providing a counterexample to claims that micro-causality alone restricts the analytic form of such relations.

  • Counting Degrees of Freedom in Open Effective Theories hep-th · 2026-05-22 · unverdicted · none · ref 12 · internal anchor

    A new algorithm counts degrees of freedom in open EFTs from equations of motion using dual advanced equations for non-Lagrangian systems with constraints and gauges.

  • Bottom-up open EFT for non-Abelian gauge theory with dynamical color environment hep-th · 2026-05-21 · unverdicted · none · ref 8 · internal anchor

    Develops a local open EFT for non-Abelian gauge theories using dynamical color-frame variables and color-current sectors in Schwinger-Keldysh formalism, yielding nonlocal dissipative kernels and naturally incorporating hard thermal loop responses after integration.

  • Schwinger-Keldysh Path Integral for Gauge theories hep-th · 2026-04-29 · unverdicted · none · ref 233 · 2 links · internal anchor

    Constructs a manifestly diagonal-BRST-invariant Schwinger-Keldysh path integral for open non-Abelian gauge theories with arbitrary physical initial states, yielding Ward-Takahashi-Slavnov-Taylor identities and a Keldysh BRST symmetry for the Open EFT.

  • Schwinger-Keldysh effective theory of charge transport: redundancies and systematic $\omega/T$ expansion hep-th · 2025-08-25 · unverdicted · none · ref 26 · internal anchor

    Proves equivalence of redundant Goldstone and adjoint-matter formulations of SK EFTs for non-Abelian symmetries and extends both to all orders in ħω/T while classifying invariant kernels under DKMS and unitarity.

  • Fractonic solids hep-th · 2024-06-11 · unverdicted · none · ref 56 · internal anchor

    The authors introduce fractonic solids via a new symmetry that ties fracton mobility to a material, enabling gauge-invariant momentum, boost compatibility, and gravitational coupling.

  • Stochastic inflation from a non-equilibrium renormalization group hep-th · 2026-05-11 · unverdicted · none · ref 61

    A generalized Fokker-Planck equation for stochastic inflation is derived from a Polchinski-type renormalization group flow on the density matrix, incorporating dissipative and diffusive corrections beyond the leading order.

  • Stochastic inflation as an open quantum system II: open effective field theory and stochastic matching hep-th · 2026-05-21 · unverdicted · none · ref 9 · internal anchor

    Develops open EFT for stochastic inflation with a distinct stochastic RG channel, derives nonlocal master equations including Fokker-Planck and Klein-Kramers forms, and demonstrates stochastic renormalization with an analytic regulator.

  • Black-hole formation and thermalization in open JT gravity hep-th · 2026-05-14 · unverdicted · none · ref 29 · internal anchor

    Numerical simulations show dynamical black hole formation in non-Markovian open JT gravity, corresponding to irreversible thermalization on the boundary.

  • Gauging Open EFTs from the top down hep-th · 2025-12-18 · unverdicted · none · ref 145 · internal anchor

    Derives gauge-invariant influence functionals for photons and Stueckelberg fields in open U(1) gauge EFTs via BRST on the in-in contour after integrating out matter.

  • Effective Field Theory for Superconducting Phase Transitions hep-th · 2026-04-02 · unverdicted · none · ref 35

    An effective field theory for superconducting phase transitions is constructed via Schwinger-Keldysh formalism, reproducing Ginzburg-Landau equations upon truncation while showing overdamped Higgs modes and complex relaxation in holographic validation.

  • Love numbers of black holes and compact objects gr-qc · 2026-04-09 · unverdicted · none · ref 170

    A pedagogical review of Love numbers and tidal responses for black holes and compact objects in general relativity and extensions.