Contagion flag #5 · 2026-07-08 21:54:43.401739+00:00

Pedagogical Promise and Peril of AI: A Text Mining Analysis of ChatGPT Research Discussions in Programming Education

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cites X., Wei, Z., & Wen, J.-R, which carries a retraction notice . One-hop deterministic flag: the citation edge exists in the Pith bibliography graph; no model judged whether the citation was load-bearing.

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01Evidence

Raw extraction · bibliography line · bibliography index 9

https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-04787-y Yang, T.-C., Hsu, Y.-C., & Wu, J.-Y. (2025). The effectiveness of ChatGPT in assisting high school students in programming learning: evidence from a quasi -experimental research. Interactive Learning Environments, 33(6), 3726–3743. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2025.2450659 Yilmaz, R., & Karaoglan Yilmaz, F. G. (2023). The effect of generative artificial intelligence (AI) -based tool use on students’ computational thinking skills, programming self -efficacy and motivation. Computers and Education: Art ificial Intelligence , 4, 100147. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2023.100147 KEY TERMS AND DEFINITIONS ChatGPT: An AI system that generates code, explanations, and feedback through natural language interaction. Programming Education : The structured teaching of coding, algorithmic reasoning, and problem-solving in computer science. Miranda et al. (2026) Pedagogical Innovations in Computer Science Education https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-6546-6.ch010 GenAI: An AI technology that creates new content such as text, code, or images based on learned data patterns. Pedagogical Integration: The structured inclusion of ChatGPT

Parser render (TeX stripped for reading; raw above is the evidence)

https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-04787-y Yang, T.-C., Hsu, Y.-C., & Wu, J.-Y. (2025). The effectiveness of ChatGPT in assisting high school students in programming learning: evidence from a quasi -experimental research. Interactive Learning Environments, 33(6), 3726–3743. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2025.2450659 Yilmaz, R., & Karaoglan Yilmaz, F. G. (2023). The effect of generative artificial intelligence (AI) -based tool use on students’ computational thinking skills, programming self -efficacy and motivation. Computers and Education: Art ificial Intelligence, 4, 100147. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2023.100147 KEY TERMS AND DEFINITIONS ChatGPT: An AI system that generates code, explanations, and feedback through natural language interaction. Programming Education : The structured teaching of coding, algorithmic reasoning, and problem-solving in computer science. Miranda et al. (2026) Pedagogical Innovations in Computer Science Education https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-6546-6.ch010 GenAI: An AI technology that creates new content such as text, code, or images based on learned data patterns. Pedagogical Integration: The structured inclusion of ChatGPT

02Event

Type: Retraction
Source: Retraction Watch
Original DOI: 10.1057/s41599-025-04787-y
Notice DOI: 10.1057/s41599-026-07310-z
Date: —
Title: The effect of ChatGPT on students’ learning performance, learning perception, and higher-order thinking: insights from a meta-analysis
Reasons: ['Concerns/Issues about Article', 'Investigation by Journal/Publisher', 'Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions']
Work: X., Wei, Z., & Wen, J.-R (2025)

Schema constants (for re-runners): retraction · retraction_watch

03Dispute this flag

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