Contagion flag #7 · 2026-07-08 21:54:43.401739+00:00

Confidence Without Competence in AI-Assisted Knowledge Work

cites X., Wei, Z., & Wen, J.-R, which carries a retraction notice . One-hop deterministic flag: the citation edge exists in the Pith bibliography graph; no model judged whether the citation was load-bearing.

Citing paper Original DOI Notice DOI File a formal challenge All flags

01Evidence

Raw extraction · bibliography line · bibliography index 68

Jin Wang and Wenxiang Fan. 2025. The effect of ChatGPT on students’ learning performance, learning perception, and higher-order thinking: insights from a meta-analysis.Humanities and Social Sciences Communications12, 1 (2025), 1–21. doi:10.1057/s41599-025-04787-y Confidence Without Competence in AI-Assisted Knowledge Work CHIWORK ’26, June 22–25, 2026, Linz, Austria A Appendix A.1 Interview Protocol for the Formative Study The following questions were used during the 20-30 minute semi-structured interviews with participants P1-P16. Phase A: Current LLM Usage and Critical Thinking (1) Can you describe how you currently use LLMs (e.g., ChatGPT, Copilot) in your studies? •What do you usually ask it to do for you? •Do you use it more for quick answers, or for longer projects? (2) Can you walk me through a recent task where you used an LLM? What steps did you take? •What was the task about? •Which part of the task did you use the LLM for? •Did you try more than one prompt or just one? (3) How do you decide which outputs from the LLM to use or modify? •What makes an answer feel “good enough” to you? •Do you usually check the information somewhere else? (4) How much of your work is typica

02Event

Type

Retraction

Source

Retraction Watch

Original DOI

10.1057/s41599-025-04787-y

Notice DOI

10.1057/s41599-026-07310-z

Date

—

Title

The effect of ChatGPT on students’ learning performance, learning perception, and higher-order thinking: insights from a meta-analysis

Reasons

['Concerns/Issues about Article', 'Investigation by Journal/Publisher', 'Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions']

Work

X., Wei, Z., & Wen, J.-R (2025)

Schema constants (for re-runners): retraction · retraction_watch

03Dispute this flag

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