A Flexible and Secure Remote Systems Authentication Scheme Using Smart Cards

The paper presents an authentication scheme for remote systems using smart card. The scheme prevents the scenario of many logged in users with the same login identity, and does not require password/verifier table to validate the users' login request. The scheme provides a user-friendly password change option, and withstands the replay, impersonation, stolen-verifier, guessing, and denial-of-service attacks.