Universality of Bias- and Temperature-induced Dephasing in Ballistic Electronic Interferometers

We performed a transport measurement in a ballistic Aharonov-Bohm ring and a Fabry-Perot type interferometer. In both cases we found that the interference signal is reversed at a certain bias voltage and that the visibility decays exponentially as a function of temperature, being in a strong analogy with recent reports on the electronic Mach-Zehnder interferometers. By analyzing the data including those in the previous works, the energy scales that characterize the dephasing are found to be dominantly dependent on the interferometer size, implying the presence of a universal behavior in ballistic interferometers in both linear and non-linear transport regimes.