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arxiv: 1002.2951 · v3 · submitted 2010-02-15 · 🌌 astro-ph.HE

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Gamma-ray excess from a stacked sample of high- and intermediate-frequency peaked blazars observed with the MAGIC telescope

MAGIC Collaboration: J. Aleksi\'c (1) , L. A. Antonelli (2) , P. Antoranz (3) , M. Backes (4) , C. Baixeras (5) , J. A. Barrio (6) , D. Bastieri (7) , J. Becerra Gonz\'alez (8)
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W. Bednarek (9) A. Berdyugin (10) K. Berger (10) E. Bernardini (11) A. Biland (12) O. Blanch (1) R. K. Bock (13 7) G. Bonnoli (2) P. Bordas (14) D. Borla Tridon (13) V. Bosch-Ramon (14) D. Bose (6) I. Braun (12) T. Bretz (15) D. Britzger (13) M. Camara (6) E. Carmona (13) A. Carosi (2) P. Colin (13) S. Commichau (12) J. L. Contreras (6) J. Cortina (1) M. T. Costado (8 16) S. Covino (2) F. Dazzi (17 26) A. De Angelis (17) E. De Cea del Pozo (18) R. De los Reyes (6 28) B. De Lotto (17) M. De Maria (17) F. De Sabata (17) C. Delgado Mendez (8 27) M. Doert (4) A. Dom\'inguez (19) D. Dominis Prester (20) D. Dorner (12) M. Doro (7) D. Elsaesser (15) M. Errando (1) D. Ferenc (20) M. V. Fonseca (6) L. Font (5) R. J. Garc\'ia L\'opez (8 M. Garczarczyk (8) M. Gaug (8) N. Godinovic (20) D. Hadasch (18) A. Herrero (8 D. Hildebrand (12) D. H\"ohne-M\"onch (15) J. Hose (13) D. Hrupec (20) C. C. Hsu (13) T. Jogler (13) S. Klepser (1) T. Kr\"ahenb\"uhl (12) D. Kranich (12) A. La Barbera (2) A. Laille (21) E. Leonardo (3) E. Lindfors (10) S. Lombardi (7) F. Longo (17) M. L\'opez (7) E Lorenz (12 13) P. Majumdar (11) G. Maneva (22) N. Mankuzhiyil (17) K. Mannheim (15) L. Maraschi (2) M. Mariotti (7) M. Mart\'inez (1) D. Mazin (1) M. Meucci (3) J. M. Miranda (3) R. Mirzoyan (13) H. Miyamoto (13) J. Mold\'on (14) M. Moles (19) A. Moralejo (1) D. Nieto (6) K. Nilsson (10) J. Ninkovic (13) R. Orito (13) I. Oya (6) S. Paiano (7) R. Paoletti (3) J. M. Paredes (14) S. Partini (3) M. Pasanen (10) D. Pascoli (7) F. Pauss (12) R. G. Pegna (3) M. A. Perez-Torres (19) M. Persic (17 23) L. Peruzzo (7) F. Prada (19) E. Prandini (7) N. Puchades (1) I. Puljak (20) I. Reichardt (1) W. Rhode (4) M. Rib\'o (14) J. Rico (24 1) M. Rissi (12) S. R\"ugamer (15) A. Saggion (7) T. Y. Saito (13) M. Salvati (2) M. S\'anchez-Conde (19) K. Satalecka (11) V. Scalzotto (7) V. Scapin (17) C. Schultz (7) T. Schweizer (13) M. Shayduk (13) S. N. Shore (25) A. Sierpowska-Bartosik (9) A. Sillanp\"a\"a (10) J Sitarek (13 9) D. Sobczynska (9) F. Spanier (15) S. Spiro (2) A. Stamerra (3) B. Steinke (13) J. C. Struebig (15) T. Suric (20) L. Takalo (10) F. Tavecchio (2) P. Temnikov (22) T. Terzic (20) D. Tescaro (1) M. Teshima (13) O. Tibolla (15) D. F. Torres (24 18) H. Vankov (22) R. M. Wagner (13) Q. Weitzel (12) V Zabalza (14) F. Zandanel (19) R. Zanin (1) ((1) IFAE Edifici Cn. Campus UAB E-08193 Bellaterra Spain (2) INAF National Institute for Astrophysics I-00136 Rome Italy (3) Universit\`a di Siena INFN Pisa I-53100 Siena (4) Technische Universit\"at Dortmund D-44221 Dortmund Germany (5) Universitat Aut\`onoma de Barcelona (6) Universidad Complutense E-28040 Madrid (7) Universit\`a di Padova INFN I-35131 Padova (8) Inst. de Astrof\'isica de Canarias E-38200 La Laguna Tenerife (9) University of \L\'od\'z PL-90236 Lodz Poland (10) Tuorla Observatory University of Turku FI-21500 Piikki\"o Finland (11) Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) D-15738 Zeuthen (12) ETH Zurich CH-8093 Switzerland (13) Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Physik D-80805 M\"unchen (14) Universitat de Barcelona (ICC/IEEC) E-08028 Barcelona (15) Universit\"at W\"urzburg D-97074 W\"urzburg (16) Depto. de Astrofisica Universidad E-38206 La Laguna (17) Universit\`a di Udine INFN Trieste I-33100 Udine (18) Institut de Ci\`encies de l'Espai (IEEC-CSIC) (19) Inst. de Astrof\'isica de Andaluc\'ia (CSIC) E-18080 Granada (20) Croatian MAGIC Consortium Institute R. Boskovic University of Rijeka University of Split HR-10000 Zagreb Croatia (21) University of California Davis CA-95616-8677 USA (22) Inst. for Nucl. Research Nucl. Energy BG-1784 Sofia Bulgaria (23) INAF/Osservatorio Astronomico I-34143 Trieste (24) ICREA E-08010 Barcelona (25) Universit\`a di Pisa I-56126 Pisa (26) supported by INFN Padova (27) now at: Centro de Investigaciones Energ\'eticas Medioambientales y Tecnol\'ogicas (CIEMAT) Madrid (28) now at: Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Kernphysik D-69029 Heidelberg Germany)
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classification 🌌 astro-ph.HE
keywords fluxblazarsobservedsampleabovecrabdetectedexcess
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Between 2004 and 2009 a sample of 28 X-ray selected high- and intermediate-frequency peaked blazars with a X-ray flux larger than 2 uJy at 1 keV in the redshift range from 0.018 to 0.361 was observed with the MAGIC telescope at energies above 100 GeV. Seven among them were detected and the results of these observations are discussed elsewhere. Here we concentrate on the remaining 21 blazars which were not detected during this observation campaign and present the 3 sigma (99.7 %) confidence upper limits on their flux. The individual flux upper limits lie between 1.6 % and 13.6 % of the integral flux from the Crab Nebula. Applying a stacking method to the sample of non-detections with a total of 394.1 hours exposure time, we find evidence for an excess with a cumulative significance of 4.9 standard deviations. It is not dominated by individual objects or flares, but increases linearly with the observation time as for a constant source with an integral flux level of ~1.5 % of that observed from the Crab Nebula above 150 GeV.

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