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arxiv: 2106.05516 · v1 · pith:YDETPZFAnew · submitted 2021-06-10 · 🌌 astro-ph.HE

Investigation of the correlation patterns and the Compton dominance variability of Mrk 421 in 2017

MAGIC Collaboration: V. A. Acciari , S. Ansoldi , L. A. Antonelli , A. Arbet Engels , M. Artero , K. Asano , A. Babi\'c , A. Baquero
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U. Barres de Almeida J. A. Barrio I. Batkovi\'c J. Becerra Gonz\'alez W. Bednarek L. Bellizzi E. Bernardini M. Bernardos A. Berti J. Besenrieder W. Bhattacharyya C. Bigongiari O. Blanch \v{Z}. Bo\v{s}njak G. Busetto R. Carosi G. Ceribella M. Cerruti Y. Chai A. Chilingarian S. Cikota S. M. Colak E. Colombo J. L. Contreras J. Cortina S. Covino G. D'Amico V. D'Elia P. Da Vela F. Dazzi A. De Angelis B. De Lotto M. Delfino J. Delgado C. Delgado Mendez D. Depaoli F. Di Pierro L. Di Venere E. Do Souto Espi\~neira D. Dominis Prester A. Donini M. Doro V. Fallah Ramazani A. Fattorini G. Ferrara M. V. Fonseca L. Font C. Fruck S. Fukami R. J. Garc\'ia L\'opez M. Garczarczyk S. Gasparyan M. Gaug N. Giglietto F. Giordano P. Gliwny N. Godinovi\'c J. G. Green D. Green D. Hadasch A. Hahn L. Heckmann J. Herrera J. Hoang D. Hrupec M. H\"utten T. Inada S. Inoue K. Ishio Y. Iwamura I. Jim\'enez J. Jormanainen L. Jouvin Y. Kajiwara M. Karjalainen D. Kerszberg Y. Kobayashi H. Kubo J. Kushida A. Lamastra D. Lelas F. Leone E. Lindfors S. Lombardi F. Longo R. L\'opez-Coto M. L\'opez-Moya A. L\'opez-Oramas S. Loporchio B. Machado de Oliveira Fraga C. Maggio P. Majumdar M. Makariev M. Mallamaci G. Maneva M. Manganaro L. Maraschi M. Mariotti M. Mart\'inez D. Mazin S. Menchiari S. Mender S. Mi\'canovi\'c D. Miceli T. Miener M. Minev J. M. Miranda R. Mirzoyan E. Molina A. Moralejo D. Morcuende V. Moreno E. Moretti V. Neustroev C. Nigro K. Nilsson K. Nishijima K. Noda S. Nozaki Y. Ohtani T. Oka J. Otero-Santos S. Paiano M. Palatiello D. Paneque R. Paoletti J. M. Paredes L. Pavleti\'c P. Pe\~nil C. Perennes M. Persic P. G. Prada Moroni E. Prandini C. Priyadarshi I. Puljak M. Rib\'o J. Rico C. Righi A. Rugliancich L. Saha N. Sahakyan T. Saito S. Sakurai K. Satalecka F. G. Saturni K. Schmidt T. Schweizer J. Sitarek I. \v{S}nidari\'c D. Sobczynska A. Spolon A. Stamerra D. Strom M. Strzys Y. Suda T. Suri\'c M. Takahashi F. Tavecchio P. Temnikov T. Terzi\'c M. Teshima L. Tosti S. Truzzi A. Tutone S. Ubach J. van Scherpenberg G. Vanzo M. Vazquez Acosta S. Ventura V. Verguilov C. F. Vigorito V. Vitale I. Vovk M. Will C. Wunderlich D. Zari\'c FACT Collaboration: D. Baack M. Balbo N. Biederbeck A. Biland T. Bretz J. Buss D. Dorner L. Eisenberger D. Elsaesser D. Hildebrand R. Iotov K. Mannheim D. Neise M. Noethe A. Paravac W. Rhode B. Schleicher V. Sliusar R. Walter Other groups collaborations: F. D'Ammando D. Horan A.Y. Lien M. Balokovi\'c G. M. Madejski M. Perri F. Verrecchia C. Leto A. L\"ahteenm\"aki M. Tornikoski V. Ramakrishnan E. J\"arvel\"a R. J. C. Vera M. Villata C. M. Raiteri A. C. Gupta A. Pandey A. Fuentes I. Agudo C. Casadio E. Semkov S. Ibryamov A. Marchini R. Bachev A. Strigachev E. Ovcharov V. Bozhilov A. Valcheva E. Zaharieva G. Damljanovic O. Vince V. M. Larionov G. A. Borman T. S. Grishina V. A. Hagen-Thorn E. N. Kopatskaya E. G. Larionova L. V. Larionova D. A. Morozova A. A. Nikiforova S. S. Savchenko I. S. Troitskiy Y. V. Troitskaya A. A. Vasilyev O. A. Merkulova W. P. Chen M. Samal H. C. Lin J. W. Moody A. C. Sadun S. G. Jorstad A. P. Marscher Z. R. Weaver M. Feige J. Kania M. Kopp L. Kunkel D. Reinhart A. Scherbantin L. Schneider C. Lorey J. A. Acosta-Pulido M. I. Carnerero D. Carosati S. O. Kurtanidze O. M. Kurtanidze M. G. Nikolashvili R. G. Chanishvili R. A. Chigladze R. Z. Ivanidze G. N. Kimeridze L. A. Sigua M. D. Joner M. Spencer M. Giroletti N. Marchili S. Righini N. Rizzi G. Bonnoli
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classification 🌌 astro-ph.HE
keywords fluxbroadbandcorrelationincreasex-rayblobchangescompton
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We present a detailed characterisation and theoretical interpretation of the broadband emission of the paradigmatic TeV blazar Mrk 421, with special focus on the multi-band flux correlations. The dataset has been collected through an extensive multiwavelength campaign organised between 2016 December and 2017 June. The instruments involved are MAGIC, FACT, Fermi-LAT, Swift, GASP-WEBT, OVRO, Medicina and Mets\"ahovi. Additionally, four deep exposures (several hours long) with simultaneous MAGIC and NuSTAR observations allowed a precise measurement of the falling segments of the two spectral components. The very-high-energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV) gamma rays and X-rays are positively correlated at zero time lag, but the strength and characteristics of the correlation change substantially across the various energy bands probed. The VHE versus X-ray fluxes follow different patterns, partly due to substantial changes in the Compton dominance during a few days without a simultaneous increase in the X-ray flux (i.e. orphan gamma-ray activity). Studying the broadband spectral energy distribution (SED) during the days including NuSTAR observations, we show that these changes can be explained within a one-zone leptonic model with a blob that increases its size over time. Our multi-band correlation study also hints at an anti-correlation between UV/optical and X-ray at a significance higher than 3 sigmas. A VHE flare observed on 2017 February 4 shows gamma-ray variability on multi-hour timescales, with a factor 10 increase in the TeV flux but only a moderate increase in the keV flux. The related broadband SED is better described by a two-zone leptonic scenario rather than by a one-zone scenario. We find that the flare can be produced by the appearance of a compact second blob populated by high energetic electrons spanning a narrow range of Lorentz factors.

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