Exceptionally Slow, Long Range, and Non-Gaussian Critical Fluctuations Dominate the Charge Density Wave Transition

Arnab Bera; Bhavtosh Bansal; Deep Singha Roy; Hasan Afzal; Mintu Mondal; Satyabrata Bera; Sk Kalimuddin; Soham Das; Sudipta Chatterjee; Tuhin Debnath

arxiv: 2308.09756 · v2 · submitted 2023-08-18 · ❄️ cond-mat.str-el · cond-mat.stat-mech· cond-mat.supr-con

Exceptionally Slow, Long Range, and Non-Gaussian Critical Fluctuations Dominate the Charge Density Wave Transition

Sk Kalimuddin , Sudipta Chatterjee , Arnab Bera , Hasan Afzal , Satyabrata Bera , Deep Singha Roy , Soham Das , Tuhin Debnath

show 2 more authors

Bhavtosh Bansal Mintu Mondal

This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-05-24 07:23 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification ❄️ cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.stat-mechcond-mat.supr-con

keywords charge density wavecritical fluctuationsresistance noisequasi-one-dimensionalnon-Gaussian statisticscritical slowing down(TaSe4)2Iphase transition

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The pith

Resistance noise measurements show that critical fluctuations of the pinned CDW order parameter in (TaSe4)2I survive the thermodynamic limit and dominate low-frequency noise with slow, non-Gaussian statistics.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper establishes that in the quasi-one-dimensional compound (TaSe4)2I the critical fluctuations of the pinned charge-density-wave order parameter near 263 K are slow enough to persist in the thermodynamic limit. These fluctuations couple to dissipative normal carriers and thereby control the low-frequency resistance noise, producing rapid growth in both noise variance and relaxation time inside a reduced-temperature window of roughly 0.1. Below a narrower interval |ε| ≲ 0.02 the system crosses over from mean-field to fluctuation-dominated behavior, the extracted critical exponents become anomalously small, and the fluctuation distribution turns strongly skewed and non-Gaussian because the coherence volume approaches the macroscopic sample size. The wide critical region is consistent with the Ginzburg criterion for quasi-one-dimensional systems.

Core claim

Critical fluctuations of the pinned CDW order parameter near the transition can be inferred from resistance noise on account of their coupling to dissipative normal carriers. These fluctuations are slow enough to survive the thermodynamic limit and dominate the low-frequency resistance noise. The noise variance and relaxation time show rapid growth within ε ≈ ±0.1. Below |ε| ≲ 0.02 a crossover occurs to a fluctuation-dominated regime with anomalously low critical exponents, and the distribution of fluctuations becomes skewed and strongly non-Gaussian because the diverging coherence volume becomes comparable to the macroscopic sample size.

What carries the argument

Resistance noise generated by the coupling of pinned CDW order-parameter fluctuations to dissipative normal carriers, used to extract critical exponents and relaxation times.

If this is right

Noise variance and relaxation time exhibit rapid growth (critical opalescence and critical slowing down) inside ε ≈ ±0.1.
Critical exponents can be extracted quantitatively from the temperature dependence of the resistance noise.
A crossover from mean-field to fluctuation-dominated regime occurs below |ε| ≲ 0.02, accompanied by anomalously low exponent values.
The fluctuation distribution becomes skewed and strongly non-Gaussian once the coherence volume approaches sample size.
The quasi-one-dimensional character enlarges the temperature range over which these large critical fluctuations are observable.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

Similar resistance-noise signatures of slow, non-Gaussian fluctuations are likely to appear in other quasi-one-dimensional CDW materials whose coherence volumes are comparably large.
Macroscopic transport quantities in the critical window may retain sensitivity to sample-specific fluctuation details rather than obeying strict self-averaging.
The wide critical region could alter the expected temperature dependence of other transport and thermodynamic observables that are usually treated within mean-field theory.

Load-bearing premise

Resistance noise can be quantitatively inverted to extract the critical exponents and relaxation times of the CDW order-parameter fluctuations through its coupling to normal carriers.

What would settle it

A direct probe such as x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy or time-resolved scattering that measures the CDW order-parameter autocorrelation and finds relaxation times or statistics inconsistent with those extracted from the resistance noise inside the stated temperature windows.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2308.09756 by Arnab Bera, Bhavtosh Bansal, Deep Singha Roy, Hasan Afzal, Mintu Mondal, Satyabrata Bera, Sk Kalimuddin, Soham Das, Sudipta Chatterjee, Tuhin Debnath.

**Figure 2.** Figure 2: FIG. 2. Departure from [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p002_2.png] view at source ↗

**Figure 3.** Figure 3: FIG. 3 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p003_3.png] view at source ↗

**Figure 4.** Figure 4: summarizes the statistics of the fluctuations at different temperatures [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p004_4.png] view at source ↗

read the original abstract

$(TaSe_4)_2I$ is a well-studied quasi-one-dimensional compound long-known to have a charge-density wave (CDW) transition around 263 K. We argue that the critical fluctuations of the pinned CDW order parameter near the transition can be inferred from the resistance noise on account of their coupling to the dissipative normal carriers. Remarkably, the critical fluctuations of the CDW order parameter are slow enough to survive the thermodynamic limit and dominate the low-frequency resistance noise. The noise variance and relaxation time show rapid growth (critical opalescence and critical slowing down) within a temperature window of $ \varepsilon \approx \pm 0.1$, where $\varepsilon$ is the reduced temperature. This is very wide but consistent with the Ginzburg criterion. We further show that this resistance noise can be quantitatively used to extract the associated critical exponents. Below $|\varepsilon | \lesssim 0.02$, we observe a crossover from mean-field to a fluctuation-dominated regime with the critical exponents taking anomalously low values. The distribution of fluctuations in the critical transition region is skewed and strongly non-Gaussian. This non-Gaussianity is interpreted as the breakdown of the validity of the central limit theorem as the diverging coherence volume becomes comparable to the macroscopic sample size. The large magnitude critical fluctuations observed over an extended temperature range, as well as the crossover from the mean-field to the fluctuation-dominated regime highlight the role of the quasi-one dimensional character in controlling the phase transition.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Desk Editor's Note private letter to a colleague

The paper presents noise data showing a wide critical window and non-Gaussian statistics in a quasi-1D CDW, but the quantitative extraction of order-parameter exponents rests on an uncalibrated coupling to normal carriers that is not independently tested.

read the letter

The core observation is that resistance noise in (TaSe4)2I grows rapidly in variance and relaxation time over |ε| ≈ 0.1 around the CDW transition at 263 K, then crosses over below |ε| ≈ 0.02 to a regime with low extracted exponents and strongly skewed, non-Gaussian distributions. They tie the width to the Ginzburg criterion for quasi-1D geometry and interpret the non-Gaussianity as the coherence volume becoming comparable to sample size, breaking the central limit theorem. That combination of a broad critical region, explicit crossover, and distribution shape is not standard in the cited CDW literature. The raw noise curves themselves appear to be the main new experimental content. The mapping from noise to CDW order-parameter fluctuations is the part that needs the most scrutiny. The abstract invokes coupling through dissipative normal carriers to justify inverting the noise for exponents and relaxation times, but supplies no calibration against X-ray or Raman data, no microscopic transfer function, and no check that other 1/f sources are negligible. If that link carries extra temperature dependence or spatial averaging, the reported low exponents and the coherence-volume story would not follow directly. No error bars or explicit fitting details are mentioned either. The data on noise behavior over the wide window is still worth looking at for people studying transport signatures of fluctuations in low-dimensional CDW materials. A reader who wants concrete numbers on how far the critical region extends in a real quasi-1D compound could get value from the measurements, even if the exponent extraction stays provisional. It is worth sending to referees because the observations are specific enough to be checked and the central assumption is falsifiable with additional probes, though the paper will need that work to stand.

Referee Report

2 major / 1 minor

Summary. The manuscript claims that in the quasi-1D CDW compound (TaSe₄)₂I, resistance noise measurements near the 263 K transition allow inference of the critical fluctuations of the pinned CDW order parameter via their coupling to dissipative normal carriers. These fluctuations are slow enough to dominate low-frequency noise in the thermodynamic limit, exhibit rapid growth in variance and relaxation time (critical opalescence and slowing down) within |ε| ≈ ±0.1, permit quantitative extraction of critical exponents, show a crossover below |ε| ≲ 0.02 to a fluctuation-dominated regime with anomalously low exponents, and display skewed non-Gaussian distributions interpreted as the coherence volume becoming comparable to the macroscopic sample size, underscoring the role of quasi-1D character.

Significance. If the noise-to-order-parameter mapping is validated, the results would demonstrate an unusually wide critical region in a CDW system consistent with the Ginzburg criterion, direct access to non-mean-field exponents, and observation of non-Gaussian fluctuations arising from finite-size effects on the coherence volume. This could establish resistance noise as a probe for critical dynamics in quasi-1D systems and highlight how dimensionality controls the extent of critical fluctuations.

major comments (2)

[Abstract] Abstract (opening argument) and the central claim: the quantitative inversion of resistance noise δR(ω) to extract CDW order-parameter relaxation time τ(ε), variance, exponents, and the crossover at |ε| ≲ 0.02 assumes a direct proportionality δR ∝ δψ (or simple functional) mediated by normal carriers, but no microscopic derivation of the transfer function, calibration against independent probes (X-ray, Raman), or demonstration that other 1/f sources are negligible is provided; this mapping is load-bearing for all exponent values and the non-Gaussian interpretation.
[Abstract] Abstract: no error bars, explicit fitting procedure, or definition of the critical window are described for the reported rapid growth of noise variance and relaxation time or the exponent extraction; without these, it is unclear whether the crossover and anomalously low exponents are robust or sensitive to post-hoc choices in data analysis.

minor comments (1)

[Abstract] The abstract would benefit from a brief statement of sample dimensions or estimated coherence volume to support the claim that the coherence volume becomes comparable to the macroscopic sample size below |ε| ≲ 0.02.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

2 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for their thorough review and constructive criticism. We address each major comment below and outline the revisions we will make.

read point-by-point responses

Referee: [Abstract] Abstract (opening argument) and the central claim: the quantitative inversion of resistance noise δR(ω) to extract CDW order-parameter relaxation time τ(ε), variance, exponents, and the crossover at |ε| ≲ 0.02 assumes a direct proportionality δR ∝ δψ (or simple functional) mediated by normal carriers, but no microscopic derivation of the transfer function, calibration against independent probes (X-ray, Raman), or demonstration that other 1/f sources are negligible is provided; this mapping is load-bearing for all exponent values and the non-Gaussian interpretation.

Authors: We acknowledge that the manuscript does not contain a first-principles microscopic derivation of the precise transfer function relating δR to δψ. The assumed linear coupling is motivated by the physical expectation that CDW order-parameter fluctuations modulate the density or scattering of normal carriers in this quasi-1D system, an approach used in prior noise studies of CDW materials. We will add an expanded discussion section that (i) states the functional form explicitly, (ii) cites supporting transport and Raman literature on (TaSe₄)₂I, and (iii) quantifies why other 1/f mechanisms are sub-dominant in the reported temperature window by showing their weaker temperature dependence. Direct calibration against X-ray or Raman is not feasible within the present experiment because those probes access different wave-vector and time scales; however, the extracted critical window |ε| ≲ 0.1 coincides with the region of enhanced fluctuations reported by independent diffraction studies on the same compound. These additions will be made in the revised manuscript. revision: partial
Referee: [Abstract] Abstract: no error bars, explicit fitting procedure, or definition of the critical window are described for the reported rapid growth of noise variance and relaxation time or the exponent extraction; without these, it is unclear whether the crossover and anomalously low exponents are robust or sensitive to post-hoc choices in data analysis.

Authors: We agree that the abstract (and, by extension, the main text) should make the analysis pipeline fully transparent. In the revised version we will (i) report error bars on all extracted quantities (variance, τ, and exponents) obtained from the noise spectra, (ii) describe the precise fitting protocol, including the functional form used for the power spectral density and the frequency range over which τ is extracted, and (iii) define the critical window explicitly as the interval |ε| < 0.1 where the noise variance rises by more than an order of magnitude above the background. We will also include a supplementary figure showing the sensitivity of the reported crossover at |ε| ≲ 0.02 and the low exponents to the choice of fitting window and background subtraction. These changes will allow readers to assess robustness directly. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No significant circularity; claims rest on experimental observations

full rationale

The paper reports direct measurements of resistance noise near the CDW transition in (TaSe4)2I and interprets the observed rapid growth in variance and relaxation time, crossover in exponents, and non-Gaussian distributions as signatures of critical fluctuations. These are presented as empirical findings within stated temperature windows (ε ≈ ±0.1 and |ε| ≲ 0.02), with the coupling to normal carriers invoked as an interpretive argument rather than a closed mathematical derivation. No equations, self-citations, or fitting procedures are shown that reduce any reported exponent or distribution back to the input data by construction, and the central results do not rely on uniqueness theorems or ansatzes imported from prior author work.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 1 axioms · 0 invented entities

The central claim rests on the assumption that resistance fluctuations are a faithful, quantitative proxy for CDW order-parameter fluctuations; no free parameters are introduced in the abstract itself, but the quantitative extraction of exponents implicitly treats the noise-to-order-parameter transfer function as known.

axioms (1)

domain assumption Resistance noise directly and quantitatively reflects the critical fluctuations of the pinned CDW order parameter via coupling to dissipative normal carriers.
Invoked in the first sentence of the abstract as the basis for inferring order-parameter dynamics from noise.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.0 · 5860 in / 1417 out tokens · 20912 ms · 2026-05-24T07:23:08.278534+00:00 · methodology

discussion (0)

Lean theorems connected to this paper

Citations machine-checked in the Pith Canon. Every link opens the source theorem in the public Lean library.

IndisputableMonolith/Cost/FunctionalEquation.lean washburn_uniqueness_aczel unclear

?

unclear
Relation between the paper passage and the cited Recognition theorem.

the normalized variance ⟨δR²⟩/⟨R²⟩ ∝ |T−TCDW|^{-γ} with a mean-field value of γ=1... τ∼|ε|^{-ζ} where ζ=1/4 from mean-field
IndisputableMonolith/Foundation/DimensionForcing.lean alexander_duality_circle_linking unclear

?

unclear
Relation between the paper passage and the cited Recognition theorem.

Ginzburg criterion ΔTGL≈52 K... crossover from mean-field to fluctuation-dominated regime

What do these tags mean?

matches: The paper's claim is directly supported by a theorem in the formal canon.
supports: The theorem supports part of the paper's argument, but the paper may add assumptions or extra steps.
extends: The paper goes beyond the formal theorem; the theorem is a base layer rather than the whole result.
uses: The paper appears to rely on the theorem as machinery.
contradicts: The paper's claim conflicts with a theorem or certificate in the canon.
unclear: Pith found a possible connection, but the passage is too broad, indirect, or ambiguous to say the theorem truly supports the claim.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

21 extracted references · 21 canonical work pages · 1 internal anchor

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Gressier, A

P. Gressier, A. Meerschaut, L. Guemas, J. Rouxel, and P. Monceau, Characterization of the new se- ries of quasi one-dimensional compounds (MX 4)nY (M Nb,Ta;X S,Se;Y Br,I), Journal of Solid State Chemistry 51, 141 (1984)

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Koushik, S

R. Koushik, S. Kumar, K. R. Amin, M. Mondal, J. Je- sudasan, A. Bid, P. Raychaudhuri, and A. Ghosh, Cor- related conductance fluctuations close to the berezinskii- kosterlitz-thoulesstransitioninultrathinnbnfilms,Phys. Rev. Lett.111, 197001 (2013)

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S. Kundu, T. Bar, R. K. Nayak, and B. Bansal, Criti- cal slowing down at the abrupt mott transition: When the first-order phase transition becomes zeroth order and looks like second order, Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 095703 (2020)

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Chatterjee, R

S. Chatterjee, R. S. Bisht, V. R. Reddy, and A. K. Raychaudhuri, Emergence of large thermal noise close to a temperature-driven metal-insulator transition, Phys. 18 Rev. B104, 155101 (2021)

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L. X. Yang, G. Rohde, K. Hanff, A. Stange, R. Xiong, J. Shi, M. Bauer, and K. Rossnagel, Bypassing the struc- tural bottleneck in the ultrafast melting of electronic or- der, Phys. Rev. Lett.125, 266402 (2020)

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Tomeljak, H

A. Tomeljak, H. Schäfer, D. Städter, M. Beyer, K. Biljakovic, and J. Demsar, Dynamics of photoin- duced charge-density-wave to metal phase transition in K0.3MoO3, Phys. Rev. Lett.102, 066404 (2009)

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Perfetti, P

L. Perfetti, P. A. Loukakos, M. Lisowski, U. Bovensiepen, H. Berger, S. Biermann, P. S. Cornaglia, A. Georges, and M. Wolf, Time evolution of the electronic structure of 1T (TaS2) through the insulator-metal transition, Phys. Rev. Lett.97, 067402 (2006)

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F. Schmitt, P. S. Kirchmann, U. Bovensiepen, R. G. Moore, L. Rettig, M. Krenz, J.-H. Chu, N. Ru, L. Per- fetti, D. Lu, et al., Transient electronic structure and melting of a charge density wave in TbTe3, Science321, 1649 (2008)

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Anikin, R

A. Anikin, R. D. Schaller, G. P. Wiederrecht, E. R. Margine, I. I. Mazin, and G. Karapetrov, Ultrafast dy- namics in the high-symmetry and in the charge den- sity wave phase of 2H-NbSe2, Phys. Rev. B102, 205139 (2020)

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F. Hooge, 1/f noise sources, IEEE Transactions on Elec- tron Devices41, 1926 (1994)

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F. N. Hooge, T. G. M. Kleinpenning, and L. K. J. Van- damme, Experimental studies on 1/f noise, Reports on Progress in Physics44, 479 (1981)

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G. Gruner,Density waves in solids(CRC press, 2018)

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G. T. Seidler and S. A. Solin, Non-gaussian 1/f noise: Experimental optimization and separation of high-order amplitude and phase correlations, Phys. Rev. B53, 9753 (1996)

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[1] [1]

Gressier, A

P. Gressier, A. Meerschaut, L. Guemas, J. Rouxel, and P. Monceau, Characterization of the new se- ries of quasi one-dimensional compounds (MX 4)nY (M Nb,Ta;X S,Se;Y Br,I), Journal of Solid State Chemistry 51, 141 (1984)

work page 1984

[2] [2]

G. M. Sheldrick, A short history of shelx, Acta Crystallo- graphica Section A: Foundations of Crystallography64, 112 (2008). 0 2 4 60 1 2 3 4Log (P) dR2(W2) 0 2 4 60 1 2 3 4Log (P) dR2(W2) 0 2 4 6 0 1 2 3 4Log (P) dR2(W2) 0 2 4 60 1 2 3 4Log (P) dR2(W2) (a) 300 K 262 K (c) 0 2 4 60 1 2 3 4Log (P) dR2(W2) 0 2 4 60 1 2 3 4Log (P) dR2(W2) 150 K200 K 255 K 28...

work page 2008

[3] [3]

O. V. Dolomanov, L. J. Bourhis, R. J. Gildea, J. A. K. Howard, and H. Puschmann, Olex2: a complete struc- ture solution, refinement and analysis program, Journal of applied crystallography42, 339 (2009)

work page 2009

[4] [4]

A set-up for measurement of low frequency conductance fluctuation (noise) using digital signal processing techniques

A. Ghosh, S. Kar, A. Bid, and A. Raychaudhuri, A set- up for measurement of low frequency conductance fluc- tuation (noise) using digital signal processing techniques, arXiv preprint cond-mat/0402130 (2004)

work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2004

[5] [5]

Kogan, Electronic noise and fluctuations in solids (Cambridge University Press, England, 1996)

S. Kogan, Electronic noise and fluctuations in solids (Cambridge University Press, England, 1996)

work page 1996

[6] [6]

S. Kar, A. K. Raychaudhuri, A. Ghosh, H. v. Löhneysen, and G. Weiss, Observation of non-gaussian conductance fluctuations at low temperatures in si:p(b) at the metal- insulator transition, Phys. Rev. Lett.91, 216603 (2003)

work page 2003

[7] [7]

Koushik, S

R. Koushik, S. Kumar, K. R. Amin, M. Mondal, J. Je- sudasan, A. Bid, P. Raychaudhuri, and A. Ghosh, Cor- related conductance fluctuations close to the berezinskii- kosterlitz-thoulesstransitioninultrathinnbnfilms,Phys. Rev. Lett.111, 197001 (2013)

work page 2013

[8] [8]

U.Chandni, A.Ghosh, H.S.Vijaya,andS.Mohan,Criti- cality of tuning in athermal phase transitions, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 025701 (2009)

work page 2009

[9] [9]

Kundu, T

S. Kundu, T. Bar, R. K. Nayak, and B. Bansal, Criti- cal slowing down at the abrupt mott transition: When the first-order phase transition becomes zeroth order and looks like second order, Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 095703 (2020)

work page 2020

[10] [10]

Chatterjee, R

S. Chatterjee, R. S. Bisht, V. R. Reddy, and A. K. Raychaudhuri, Emergence of large thermal noise close to a temperature-driven metal-insulator transition, Phys. 18 Rev. B104, 155101 (2021)

work page 2021

[11] [11]

L. X. Yang, G. Rohde, K. Hanff, A. Stange, R. Xiong, J. Shi, M. Bauer, and K. Rossnagel, Bypassing the struc- tural bottleneck in the ultrafast melting of electronic or- der, Phys. Rev. Lett.125, 266402 (2020)

work page 2020

[12] [12]

Tomeljak, H

A. Tomeljak, H. Schäfer, D. Städter, M. Beyer, K. Biljakovic, and J. Demsar, Dynamics of photoin- duced charge-density-wave to metal phase transition in K0.3MoO3, Phys. Rev. Lett.102, 066404 (2009)

work page 2009

[13] [13]

Perfetti, P

L. Perfetti, P. A. Loukakos, M. Lisowski, U. Bovensiepen, H. Berger, S. Biermann, P. S. Cornaglia, A. Georges, and M. Wolf, Time evolution of the electronic structure of 1T (TaS2) through the insulator-metal transition, Phys. Rev. Lett.97, 067402 (2006)

work page 2006

[14] [14]

A. Zong, P. E. Dolgirev, A. Kogar, E. Ergeçen, M. B. Yilmaz, Y.-Q. Bie, T. Rohwer, I.-C. Tung, J. Straqua- dine, X. Wang, Y. Yang, X. Shen, R. Li, J. Yang, S.Park, M.C.Hoffmann, B.K.Ofori-Okai, M.E.Kozina, H. Wen, X. Wang, I. R. Fisher, P. Jarillo-Herrero, and N. Gedik, Dynamical slowing-down in an ultrafast pho- toinduced phase transition, Phys. Rev. Let...

work page 2019

[15] [15]

Schmitt, P

F. Schmitt, P. S. Kirchmann, U. Bovensiepen, R. G. Moore, L. Rettig, M. Krenz, J.-H. Chu, N. Ru, L. Per- fetti, D. Lu, et al., Transient electronic structure and melting of a charge density wave in TbTe3, Science321, 1649 (2008)

work page 2008

[16] [16]

Anikin, R

A. Anikin, R. D. Schaller, G. P. Wiederrecht, E. R. Margine, I. I. Mazin, and G. Karapetrov, Ultrafast dy- namics in the high-symmetry and in the charge den- sity wave phase of 2H-NbSe2, Phys. Rev. B102, 205139 (2020)

work page 2020

[17] [17]

Hooge, 1/f noise sources, IEEE Transactions on Elec- tron Devices41, 1926 (1994)

F. Hooge, 1/f noise sources, IEEE Transactions on Elec- tron Devices41, 1926 (1994)

work page 1926

[18] [18]

F. N. Hooge, T. G. M. Kleinpenning, and L. K. J. Van- damme, Experimental studies on 1/f noise, Reports on Progress in Physics44, 479 (1981)

work page 1981

[19] [19]

M. B. Weissman,1 f noise and other slow, nonexponential kinetics in condensed matter, Rev. Mod. Phys.60, 537 (1988)

work page 1988

[20] [20]

Gruner,Density waves in solids(CRC press, 2018)

G. Gruner,Density waves in solids(CRC press, 2018)

work page 2018

[21] [21]

G. T. Seidler and S. A. Solin, Non-gaussian 1/f noise: Experimental optimization and separation of high-order amplitude and phase correlations, Phys. Rev. B53, 9753 (1996)

work page 1996