On Extended d-D Kappa Distribution

Thermal Doppler broadening of spectral profiles for particle populations in the absence or presence of potential fields are described by kappa distributions. The kappa distribution provides a replacement for the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution which can be considered as a generalization for describing systems characterized by local correlations among their particles as found in space and astrophysical plasmas. This paper presents all special cases of kappa distributions as members of a general pathway family of densities introduced by Mathai.