Evolution of the cosmic ray anisotropy above 10¹⁴ eV
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The amplitude and phase of the cosmic ray anisotropy are well established experimentally between 10^{11} eV and 10^{14} eV. The study of their evolution into the energy region 10^{14}-10^{16} eV can provide a significant tool for the understanding of the steepening ("knee") of the primary spectrum. In this letter we extend the EAS-TOP measurement performed at E_0 around 10^{14} eV, to higher energies by using the full data set (8 years of data taking). Results derived at about 10^{14} and 4x10^{14} eV are compared and discussed. Hints of increasing amplitude and change of phase above 10^{14} eV are reported. The significance of the observation for the understanding of cosmic ray propagation is discussed.
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Charge-dependent spectral softenings of primary cosmic-rays below the knee
Direct measurements reveal charge-dependent spectral softenings in primary cosmic rays at a common rigidity of ~15 TV, rejecting mass-dependent softening at >99.999% confidence.
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