SDSS-III: Massive Spectroscopic Surveys of the Distant Universe, the Milky Way Galaxy, and Extra-Solar Planetary Systems
Adam D. Myers, Adam S. Bolton, Adrian M. Price-Whelan, Alaina Shelden, Ana Elia Garcia Perez, Andreas A. Berlind, Andreu Font-Ribera, Andrew Gould, Angelo Fausti Neto, Aniruddha R. Thakar, Anne Ealet, Annie C. Robin, Anze Slosar, Ariel G. Sanchez, Ashley J. Ross, Audrey E. Simmons, Basilio Santiago, Beatriz H. F. Ramos, Ben Breslauer, Benjamin A. Weaver, Benjamin M. Tofflemire, Bo Ma, Bo Zhao, Brian L. Lee, Brian Yanny, Brice Menard, Britt Lundgren, Bruce A. Gillespie, Bruno Femenia Castella, Bruno Rossetto, B. Scott Gaudi, Cameron K. McBride, Carlos Allende Prieto, Casey T. Bosman, Cathy Jordan, Celine Ryle, Christophe Pichon, Christophe Yeche, Christy A. Tremonti, Claude Mack, Claudia Maraston, Conor Sayres, Constance M. Rockosi, Craig P. Loomis, Cristina Chiappini, C. S. Kochanek, Dan Burger, Daniel C. Long, Daniel J. Eisenstein, Daniel J. Oravetz, Daniel Margala, Daniel Thomas, David A. Wake, David H. Weinberg, David J. Schlegel, David Kirkby, David L. Nidever, David W. Harris, David W. Hogg, Demitri Muna, Dmitry Bizyaev, Donald G. York, Donald P. Schneider, Dustin Lang, Duy Cuong Nguyen, Eduardo Balbinot, Edward M. Edmondson, Elena Malanushenko, Emmanuel Rollinde, Eric Agol, Eric Aubourg, Eric B. Ford, Erick Young, Erin Sheldon, Eva K. Grebel, Eyal Kazin, Fergal Mullally, Fernando de Simoni, Francisco Prada, Frederick R. Hearty, Gail Zasowski, Garrett L. Ebelke, George H. Rieke, G. Gilmore, Gordon T. Richards, Greg Fitzgerald, G. R. Knapp, Guinevere Kauffmann, Gustavo F. Porto de Mello, Hans-Walter Rix, Heather Campbell, Heather L. Morrison, Helio J. Rocha-Pinto, Hiroaki Aihara, Hitoshi Murayama, Howard J. Brewington, Ian D. McGreer, Idit Zehavi, I. Neill Reid, Inese I. Ivans, Isabelle Paris, Jacob M. Eiting, James A. Arns, James E. Gunn, James E. Lawler, James R. A. Davenport, James Rich, Janice Dean, Janine Pforr, Jarron M. Leisenring, J. Brinkmann, Jean-Christophe Hamilton, Jean-Marc Le Goff, Jean-Paul Kneib, Jennifer A. Johnson, Jennifer Simmerer, Jeremy L. Tinker, Jian Ge, Jian Liu, Ji Wang, Jo Bovy, Joel R. Brownstein, Johan Comparat, John C. Wilson, John D. Silverman, John J. Bochanski, John K. Parejko, John P. Wisniewski, Joleen K. Carlberg, Jon A. Holtzman, Jonay I. Gonzalez Hernandez, Jordi Miralda-Escude, Joshua Pepper, J. Richard Gott, Juna A. Kollmeier, Kaike Pan, Karen L. Masters, Katharine J. Schlesinger, Katia Cunha, Keivan G. Stassun, Klaus Honscheid, Kris Sellgren, Kyle Dawson, Lars Koesterke, Leo Girardi, Leticia Dutra Ferreira, Licia Verde, Linhua Jiang, Luan Ghezzi, Luiz N. Da Costa, Marcia J. Rieke, Marcio A.G. Maia, Mariana Vargas Magana, Marina Cortes, Mark A. Klaene, Mark H. Stockett, Martin Makler, Martin Paegert, Martin White, Masayuki Tanaka, Massimiliano Esposito, Matthew D. Olmstead, Matthew M. Pieri, Matthew Shetrone, Matthias Steinmetz, M. F. Skrutskie, Michael A. Carr, Michael A. Strauss, Michael L. Evans, Michael R. Blanton, M. Jordan Raddick, Naohisa Inada, Naoki Yasuda, Natalia Connolly, Natalie A. Roe, Nathalie Palanque-Delabrouille, Nathan De Lee, Nicholas MacDonald, Nicholas P. Ross, Nicolas G. Busca, Nicole P. Vogt, Nikhil Padmanabhan, Olga Mena Requejo, Oliver Steele, Parul Pandey, Patrick McDonald, Patrick Petitjean, Paul Harding, Paul Maseman, Paulo Pellegrini, Peng Jiang, Peter J. Brown, Peter M. Frinchaboy, Phillip A. Cargile, Rachel Mandelbaum, Ricardo L. C. Ogando, Ricardo Schiavon, Richard G. Kron, Richard G. McMahon, Rita Tojeiro, Robert Barkhouser, Robert C. Nichol, Robert H. Lupton, Robert Pfaffenberger, Robert W. O'Connell, Rupert A.C. Croft, Sarah J. Schmidt, Sara Lucatello, Saurav Dhital, Scott F. Anderson, Scott W. Fleming, Shirley Ho, Simon D. M. White, Stefanie Phleps, Stephanie A. Snedden, Stephanie Escoffier, Stephen Bailey, Stephen Smee, Steven J. Bickerton, Steven R. Majewski, Suvrath Mahadevan, Suzanne L. Hawley, Thirupathi Sivarani, Timothy C. Beers, Todd Stollberg, Tracy Naugle, Verne V. Smith, Viktor Malanushenko, Wendell P. Jordan, William C. Carithers, Will J. Percival, W. Michael Wood-Vasey, W. N. Brandt, Xiaohui Fan, Xiaoke Wan, Yanmei Chen, Yen-Ting Lin, Yiping Shu, Young Sun Lee, Zhibo Ma
Building on the legacy of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-I and II), SDSS-III is a program of four spectroscopic surveys on three scientific themes: dark energy and cosmological parameters, the history and structure of the Milky Way, and the population of giant planets around other stars. In keeping with SDSS tradition, SDSS-III will provide regular public releases of all its data, beginning with SDSS DR8 (which occurred in Jan 2011). This paper presents an overview of the four SDSS-III surveys. BOSS will measure redshifts of 1.5 million massive galaxies and Lya forest spectra of 150,000 quasars, using the BAO feature of large scale structure to obtain percent-level determinations of the distance scale and Hubble expansion rate at z<0.7 and at z~2.5. SEGUE-2, which is now completed, measured medium-resolution (R=1800) optical spectra of 118,000 stars in a variety of target categories, probing chemical evolution, stellar kinematics and substructure, and the mass profile of the dark matter halo from the solar neighborhood to distances of 100 kpc. APOGEE will obtain high-resolution (R~30,000), high signal-to-noise (S/N>100 per resolution element), H-band (1.51-1.70 micron) spectra of 10^5 evolved, late-type stars, measuring separate abundances for ~15 elements per star and creating the first high-precision spectroscopic survey of all Galactic stellar populations (bulge, bar, disks, halo) with a uniform set of stellar tracers and spectral diagnostics. MARVELS will monitor radial velocities of more than 8000 FGK stars with the sensitivity and cadence (10-40 m/s, ~24 visits per star) needed to detect giant planets with periods up to two years, providing an unprecedented data set for understanding the formation and dynamical evolution of giant planet systems. (Abridged)
DESI DR2 BAO data exhibits 2.3 sigma tension with CMB in Lambda-CDM but prefers evolving dark energy (w0 > -1, wa < 0) at 3.1 sigma with CMB and 2.8-4.2 sigma when including supernovae.
Domain adaptation with an ensemble of CNN and transformer models trained on DES detects 20,180 LSBGs and 434 UDGs in KiDS DR5, with structural parameters and environmental trends consistent with known samples.
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