Nucleon Structure from Lattice QCD Using a Nearly Physical Pion Mass

J. R. Green , M. Engelhardt , S. Krieg , J. W. Negele , A. V. Pochinsky , S. N. Syritsyn

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classification ✦ hep-lat hep-phnucl-th

keywords pionmassnucleonphysicalcalculationexperimentlatticenearly

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We report the first Lattice QCD calculation using the almost physical pion mass mpi=149 MeV that agrees with experiment for four fundamental isovector observables characterizing the gross structure of the nucleon: the Dirac and Pauli radii, the magnetic moment, and the quark momentum fraction. The key to this success is the combination of using a nearly physical pion mass and excluding the contributions of excited states. An analogous calculation of the nucleon axial charge governing beta decay has inconsistencies indicating a source of bias at low pion masses not present for the other observables and yields a result that disagrees with experiment.

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Third moments of nucleon unpolarized, polarized, and transversity parton distribution functions from physical-point lattice QCD
hep-lat 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0

First lattice QCD calculation at the physical pion mass of the isovector third moments of nucleon unpolarized, polarized, and transversity PDFs via forward matrix elements of local operators.